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PRESTON , a municipal, See also:county, and See also:parliamentary See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough and See also:port, of See also:Lancashire, See also:England, on the See also:river Ribble, 209 M. N.W. by N. from See also:London by the London & See also:North-Western railway, served also by the Lancashire & See also:Yorkshire railway. Pop. (1891), 107,573; (1901), 112,989; at the beginning of the 19th See also:century it was about 17,000. The See also:nucleus of its site consists of a See also:ridge rising sharply from the north See also:bank of the river, while the surrounding See also:country, especially to the See also:west about the See also:estuary, is See also:flat. Among the numerous See also:parish churches that of St See also:John, built in Decorated See also:style in 1855, occupies a site which has carried a See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church from See also:early times. Among several See also:Roman See also:Catholic churches, that of St See also:Walpurgis (18J4) is a handsome See also:building of Early Decorated See also:character. Of public buildings the most noteworthy is the large See also:town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, with lofty See also:tower and See also:spire, in Early See also:English style, built in 1867 from designs by See also:Sir See also:- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
Gilbert See also:Scott.
The See also:free public library and museum were established in 1879 by the trustees of E. R. See also:Harris, a prominent See also:citizen. A new
Preston, otherwise Prestune, was near the See also:minor Roman station at See also:Walton-le-See also:Dale and the See also:great Roman road See also:running from See also:Warrington passed through it. It is mentioned in Domes-See also:day See also:Book as one of See also:Earl See also:Tostig's possessions which had fallen to See also:Roger of Poictou, and on his defection it was forfeited to the See also:Crown? See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II. about the See also:year 1179 granted the burgesses a See also:charter by which he confirmed to them the privileges he had granted to See also:Newcastle-under-Lyme, the See also:chief of which were a free borough and a gild See also:merchant. This is the first of fourteen royal charters which have been granted to Preston, the chief of which are as follows: John in 1199 confirmed to Preston all the rights granted by Henry II.'s charter and also " their See also:fair of eight days " from the See also:Assumption (Aug. 15) and a three days' fair from the See also:eve of See also:Saints See also:Simon and See also:Jude (Oct. 28). Henry III. in 1217 confirmed the summer fair, but for five days only, and granted a weekly See also:market on Wednesday. See also:Edward III. (1328), See also:Richard II. (1379), Henry IV. (1401), Henry V. (1414), Henry VI. (1425) and See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip and See also:Mary (1557) confirmed the previous charters. The weekly market, though granted for Wednesday, was held as early as 1292 on Saturday. See also:Elizabeth in 1566 granted the town its great charter which ratified and extended all previous grants, including the gild merchant, the weekly market on Saturday and the two See also:annual fairs, in See also:August for eight days and in See also:October for seven days. See also:Charles II. in 1662 and 1685 granted charters, by the latter of which an additional weekly market on Wednesday was conceded and a three days' fair beginning on the 16th of See also:March. The most important See also:industry used to be woollen See also:weaving. Elizabeth's charter granted to the See also:corporation all fees received from the sealing of See also:cloth within the borough, and in 1571 the See also:mayor reported that the cloths usually made near Preston were " narrow See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white kearses." Other early See also:industries were See also:glove-making and See also:linen cloth. The first See also:cotton-See also:spinning See also:- MILL
- MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
- MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
- MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
- MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)
mill was built in 1777 in See also:Moor See also:Lane, and in 1791 John See also:Horrocks built the Yellow Factory. In 1835 there were See also:forty factories, chiefly spinning, yielding 70,000 lb of cotton See also:yarn weekly. A gild existed perhaps in Saxon times, but the See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of a gild merchant See also:dates from Henry II.'s charter, about 1179. The first gild of which there was any See also:record was celebrated in 1328, at which it was decided to hold a gild every twenty years. Up to 1542, however, they do not appear to have been very regularly celebrated, but
1 The See also:Court leet was held twice a year up to 1835.
since that year they have been and still are held at intervals of twenty years. A See also:special gild mayor is appointed on each occasion.
The first mention of a procession at the gild is in 1500. One of the most important items of business was the enrolling of freemen, and the gild rolls are records of the See also:population. In 1397 the gild See also:roll contained the names of over 200 in-burgesses and too See also:foreign burgesses; in 1415 the number of in-burgesses was 188, which in 1459 had declined to 72. In 1582 there were over 500 in-burgesses and 340 out-burgesses. There is no See also:evidence for, but rather against, the See also:common statement that Preston was burnt or razed to the ground during the Scottish invasion of 1322. The town suffered severely from the See also:Black See also:Death in 1349–1350, when as many as 3000 persons are said to have died, and again in the year See also:November 163o to November 1631, moo died of pestilence. During the See also:Civil See also:War Preston sided with the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king and became the headquarters of the Royalists in Lancashire. In See also:February 1643 Sir John See also:Seaton with a Parliamentary force marched from See also:Manchester and successfully assaulted it. A strong Parliamentary See also:garrison was established here and its fortifications repaired, but in March the earl of See also:Derby recaptured the town. The Royalists did not garrison it, but after demolishing the greater See also:part of the See also:works See also:left it unfortified. After the See also:battle of See also:Marston Moor See also:Prince See also:Rupert marched through Preston in See also:September 1644 and carried the mayor and bailiffs prisoners to See also:Skipton See also:Castle, where they were confined for twelve months. On the 17th of August 1648 the Royalist forces under the See also:duke of See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton and See also:General Langdale were defeated at Preston by See also:Cromwell with a loss of 'coo killed and 4000 taken prisoners. During the See also:Rebellion of 1715 the See also:rebel forces entered Preston on the 9th of November, and after proclaiming the See also:Chevalier de St See also:George king at the See also:cross in the market-See also:place, remained here for some days, during which the See also:government forces advanced. The town was assaulted, and on the 14th of November General See also:Forster surrendered his See also:army of about 1400 men to the king's forces. In 1745 Prince Charles Edward marched through on the way See also:south and north, but the town took no part in the rebellion. The borough returned two members from 1295 to 1331, then ceased to exercise the See also:privilege on See also:account of poverty till 1529, but since that date (except in 1653) it has always sent two representatives to See also:parliament. The curious institution of the See also:mock mayor and corporation of Walton, which was at its See also:foundation in 1701 a Jacobite association, ceased after 1766 to be of any See also:political significance and lapsed in 'Soo. There was probably a church here in Saxon times and it is believed to be one of the three churches in Amounderness mentioned in Domesday Book. In 1o94 it is named in a charter of Roger de Poictou. The early See also:dedication was to St See also:Wilfrid, but probably about 1531, when it was rebuilt, it was re-dedicated to St John. At the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the See also:Reformation, many, especially among the neighbouring gentry, clung to the old faith, and there is still a large Roman Catholic population. There were two monastic See also:foundations here: a See also:hospital dedicated to St Mary Magdalene, which stood on the Maudlands, and a Franciscan See also:convent of See also:Grey Friars situated to the west of Friargate. In the 18th century Preston had a high reputation as a centre of fashionable society, and earned the epithet still familiarly associated with it, " proud."
See H. Fishwick, See also:History of the Parish of Preston (19oo).
End of Article: PRESTON
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