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LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 169 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LANE, See also:JAMES See also:HENRY (1814–1866) , See also:American soldier and politician, was See also:born at See also:Lawrenceburg, See also:Indiana, on the 22nd of See also:June 1814. He was the son of See also:Amos Lane (1778–1849), a See also:political See also:leader in Indiana, a member of the Indiana See also:House of Representatives in 1816–1818 (See also:speaker in 1817–1818), in 1821–1822 and in 1839–1840, and from 1833 to 1837 a Democratic representative in See also:Congress. The son received a See also:common school See also:education, studied See also:law and in 1840 was admitted to the See also:bar. In the Mexican See also:War he served as a See also:colonel under See also:General See also:Taylor, and then commanded the Fifth Indiana See also:regiment (which he had raised) in the See also:Southern See also:Campaign under General See also:Scott. Lane was See also:lieutenant-See also:governor of Indiana from 1849 to 1853,and from 1853 to 1855 was a Democratic representative in Congress. His See also:vote in favour of the See also:Kansas-See also:Nebraska See also:Bill ruined his political future in his own See also:state, and he emigrated in 1855 to the Territory of Kansas, probably as an See also:agent of See also:Stephen A.See also:Douglas to organize the Democratic party there. He soon joined the See also:Free State forces, however, was a member of the first general Free State See also:convention at Big Springs in See also:September 1855, and wrote its " See also:platform," which deprecated abolitionism and urged the exclusion of negroes from the Territory; and he presided over the See also:Topeka Constitutional Convention, composed of Free State men, in the autumn of 1855. Lane was second in command of the forces in See also:Lawrence during the " Wakarusa War "; and in the See also:spring of 1856 was elected a See also:United States senator under the Topeka Constitution, the validity of which, however, and therefore the validity of his See also:election, Congress refused to recognize. In May 1856, with See also:George See also:Washington Deitzler (1826–1884), Dr See also:Charles See also:Robinson, and other Free State leaders, he was indicted for See also:treason; but he escaped from Kansas, made a tour of the See also:northern cities, and by his fiery See also:oratory aroused See also:great See also:enthusiasm in behalf of the Free State See also:movement in Kansas. Returning to the Territory with See also:John See also:Brown in See also:August 1856, he took an active See also:part in the domestic feuds of 1856-1857. After Kansas became a state, Lane was elected in 1861 to the United States See also:Senate as a Republican. Immediately on reaching Washington he organized a See also:company to guard the See also:President; and in August 1861, having gained the See also:ear of the Federal authorities and become intimate with President See also:Lincoln, he went to Kansas with vague military See also:powers, and exercised them in spite of the protests of the governor and the See also:regular departmental commanders.

During the autumn, with a See also:

brigade of 1500 men, he conducted a devastating campaign on the See also:Missouri border, and in See also:July 1862 he was appointed See also:commissioner of recruiting for Kansas, a position in which he rendered faithful service, though he frequently came into conflict with the state authorities. At this See also:time he planned a chimerical " great Southern expedition " against New See also:Mexico, but this came to nothing. In 1864 he laboured earnestly for the re-election of Lincoln. When President See also:Johnson quarrelled with the See also:Radical Republicans, Lane desertedthe latter and defended the Executive. Angered by his defection, certain senators accused him of being implicated in See also:Indian contracts of a fraudulent See also:character; and in a See also:fit of depression following this See also:accusation he took his own See also:life, dying near Fort Leavenworth, Kansas, on the 11th of July 1866, ten days after he had shot himself in the See also:head. Ambitious, unscrupulous, rash and impulsive, and generally regarded by his contemporaries as an unsafe leader, Lane was a See also:man of great See also:energy and See also:personal See also:magnetism, and possessed oratorical powers of a high See also:order. See the See also:article by L. W. Spring entitled " The Career of a Kansas Politician," in vol. iv. (See also:October 1898) of the American See also:Historical See also:Review; and for the commoner view, which makes him not a See also:coward as does Spring, but a " grim chieftain " and a See also:hero, see John Speer, Life of Gen. James H. Lane, " The Saviour of Kansas," (See also:Garden See also:City, Kansas, 1896).

Senator Lane should not be confused with James Henry Lane (1833-1907), who served on the Confederate See also:

side during the See also:Civil War, attaining the See also:rank of brigadier-general in 1862, and after the war was See also:professor of natural See also:philosophy and military See also:tactics in the See also:Virginia Agricultural and See also:Mechanical See also:College from 1872 to 188o, and professor of civil See also:engineering and See also:drawing in the See also:Alabama Poly-technic See also:Institute from 1882 until his See also:death.

End of Article: LANE, JAMES HENRY (1814–1866)

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