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HALIFAX , a municipal, See also:county and See also:parliamentary See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough in the See also:West See also:Riding of See also:Yorkshire, See also:England, 194 M. N.N.W. from See also:London and 7 m. S.W. from See also:Bradford, on the See also:Great See also:Northern and the See also:Lancashire & Yorkshire See also:railways. Pop. (1891) 97,714; (1901) 104,936. It lies in a See also:bare hilly See also:district on and above the small See also:river Hebble near its junction with the See also:Calder. Its See also:appearance is in the See also:main See also:modern, though a few picturesque old houses remain. The See also:North See also:Bridge, a See also:fine See also:iron structure, spans the valley, giving connexion between the opposite higher parts of the See also:town. The See also:principal public See also:building is the town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, completed in 1863 after the designs of See also:Sir See also:Charles See also:Barry; it is a handsome See also:Palladian building with a See also:tower. Of churches the most noteworthy is that of St See also:John the Baptist, the See also:parish See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church, a Perpendicular building with lofty western tower. Two earlier churches are traceable on this See also:side, the first perhaps pre-See also:Norman, the second of the See also:Early See also:English See also:period. The old woodwork is fine, See also:part being Perpendicular, but the greater portion See also:dates from 162r. All Souls' church was built in 185g from the designs of Sir See also:- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
Gilbert See also:Scott, of whose See also:work it is a See also:good example, at the expense of Mr See also:Edward Akroyd. The See also:style is early Decorated, and a See also:rich ornamentation is carried out in See also:Italian See also:marble, See also:serpentine and See also:alabaster. A graceful tower and See also:spire 236 ft. high rise at the north-west See also:angle. The Square See also:chapel, erected by the Congregationalists in 1857, is a striking cruciform building with a tower and elaborate crocketed spire. Both the central library and museum and the Akroyd museum and See also:art See also:gallery occupy buildings which were formerly residences, the one of Sir See also:Francis Crossley (1817—1872) and the other of Mr Edward Akroyd. Among charitable institutions the principal is the handsome royal infirmary, a See also:Renaissance building. The See also:Heath See also:grammar school was founded in -1585 under royal See also:charter for instruction in classical See also:languages. It possesses See also:close scholarships at See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford and See also:Cambridge See also:universities. The See also:Waterhouse charity school occupies a handsome set of buildings forming three sides of a quadrangle, erected in 1855. The Crossley almshouses were erected and endowed by Sir Francis and Mr See also:Joseph Crossley, who also endowed the Crossley See also:orphan See also:home and school. Technical See also:schools are maintained by the See also:corporation. Among other public buildings may be noted the Piece-Hall, erected in 1799 for the lodgment and See also:sale of piece goods, now used as a See also:market, a great quadrangular structure occupying more than two acres; the bonding warehouse, See also:court-See also:house, and See also:mechanics' See also:institute. There are six parks, of which the See also:People's See also:Park of 121 acres, presented by Sir Francis Crossley in 1858, is laid out in ornate style from designs by Sir Joseph See also:Paxton.
Halifax ranks with See also:Leeds, Bradford and See also:Huddersfield as a seat of the woollen and worsted manufacture. The manufacture of carpets is a large See also:industry, one See also:establishment employing some
5000 hands. The worsted, woollen and See also:cotton See also:industries, and the iron, See also:steel and machinery manufactures are very extensive. There are collieries and freestone quarries in the neighbourhood.
The parliamentary borough returns two members. The county borough was created in 1888. The municipal borough is under a See also:mayor, 15 aldermen and 45 councillors. See also:Area, 13,967 acres.
At the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the See also:Conquest Halifax formed part of the extensive See also:manor of See also:Wakefield, which belonged to the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king, but i11 the 13th See also:century was in the hands of John, See also:earl Warrenne (C. 1245-1305). The prosperity of the town began with the introduction of the See also:cloth See also:trade in the 15th century, when there are said to have been only thirteen houses, which before the end of the 16th century had increased to 520. See also:Camden, about the end of the 17th century, wrote that " the people are very industrious, so that though the See also:soil about it be barren and improfitable, not See also:fit to live on, they have so flourished . . . by the clothing trade that they are very rich and have gained a reputation for it above their neighbours." The trade is said to have been increased by the arrival of certain merchants driven from the See also:Netherlands by the persecution of the See also:duke of See also:Alva. Among the curious customs of Halifax was the Gibbet See also:Law, which was probably established by a prescriptive right to protect the See also:wool trade, and gave the inhabitants the See also:power of executing any one taken within their See also:liberty, who, when tried by a See also:jury of sixteen of the See also:frith-burgesses, was found guilty of the See also:theft of any goods of the value of more than 13d. The executions took See also:place on market days on a See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill outside the town, the gibbet somewhat resembling a See also:guillotine. The first See also:execution recorded under this law took place in 1541, and the right was exercised in Halifax longer than in any other town, the last execution taking place in 1650. In 1635 the king granted the inhabitants of Halifax See also:licence to found a workhouse in a large house given to them for that purpose by Nathaniel Waterhouse, and incorporated them under the name of the See also:master and See also:governors. Nathaniel See also:Water-house was appointed the first master, his successors being elected every See also:year by the twelve governors from among themselves. Halifax was a borough by See also:prescription, its privileges growing up with the increased prosperity brought by the cloth trade, but it was not incorporated until 1848. Since the Reform See also:Act of 1832 the burgesses have returned two members to See also:parliament. In 1607 See also:David Waterhouse, See also:lord of the manor of Halifax, obtained a See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of two markets there every See also:week on See also:Friday and Saturday and two fairs every year, each lasting three days, one beginning on the 24th of See also:June, the other on the 1th of See also:November. Later these fairs and markets were confirmed with the addition of an extra market on See also:Thursday to Sir See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Ayloffe, See also:baronet, who had succeeded David Waterhouse as lord of the manor. The market rights were sold to the Markets See also:Company in 1810 and See also:purchased from them by the corporation in 1853.
During the See also:Civil See also:War Halifax was garrisoned by parliament, and a See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field near it is still called the Bloody Field on See also:account of an engagement which took place there between the forces of parliament and the Royalists.
See See also:Victoria County See also:History, " Yorkshire "; T. See also:Wright, The Antiquities of the Town of Halifax (Leeds, 1738) ; John See also:Watson, The History and Antiquities of the Parish of Halifax (London, 1775) ; John Crabtree, A Concise History of the Parish and Vicarage of Halifax (Halifax and London, 1836).
End of Article: HALIFAX
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