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See also:FROBISHER, See also:SIR See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
MARTIN (c. 1535—1594) , See also:English navigator and explorer, See also:fourth See also:child of See also:Bernard Frobisher of Altofts in the See also:parish of See also:Normanton, See also:Yorkshire,was See also:born some See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time between 1530 and 1540. The See also:family came originally from See also:North See also:Wales. At an See also:early See also:age he was sent to a school in See also:London and placed under the "care of a kinsman, Sir See also:John See also:York, who in 1544 placed him on See also:board a See also:ship belonging to a small See also:fleet of merchantmen sailing to See also:Guinea. By 1565 he is referred to as See also:Captain Martin Frobisher, and in 1571—1572 as being in the public service at See also:sea off the See also:coast of See also:Ireland. He married in 1559. As early as 1569 or 1561 Frobisher had formed a See also:resolution to undertake a voyage in See also:search of a North-See also:West Passage to See also:Cathay and See also:India. The See also:discovery of such a route was the See also:motive of most of the See also:Arctic voyages undertaken at that See also:period and for See also:long after, but Frobisher's See also:special merit was in being the first to give to this enterprise a See also:national See also:character. For fifteen years he solicited in vain the necessary means to carry his project into See also:execution, but in 1576, mainly by help of the See also:earl of See also:Warwick, he was put in command of an expedition consisting of two tiny barks, the " See also:Gabriel " and " See also:Michael," of about 20 to 25 tons each, and a See also:pinnace of so tons, with an aggregate See also:- CREW (sometimes explained as a sea term of Scandinavian origin, cf. O. Icel. kris, a swarm or crowd, but now regarded as a shortened form of accrue, accrewe, used in the 16th century in the sense of a reinforcement, O. Fr. acreue, from accrofire, to grow,
- CREW, NATHANIEL CREW, 3RD BARON (1633–1721)
crew of 35.
He weighed See also:anchor at Blackwall, and, after having received a See also:good word from See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth at See also:Greenwich, set See also:sail on the 7th of See also:June, by way of the See also:Shetland Islands. Stormy See also:weather was encountered in which the pinnace was lost, and some time afterwards the " Michael " deserted; but stoutly continuing the voyage alone, on the 28th of See also:July the " Gabriel " sighted the coast of Labrador in See also:lat. 62° 2' N. Some days later the mouth of Frobisher See also:Bay was reached, and a farther advance northwards being prevented by See also:ice and contrary winds, Frobisher determined to sail westward up this passage (which he conceived to be a strait) to see " whether he mighte carrie himself through the same into some open sea on the backe syde." See also:Butcher's See also:Island was reached on the 18th of See also:August, and some natives being met with here, intercourse was carried on with them for some days, the result being that five of Frobisher's men were decoyed and captured, and never more seen. After vainly trying to get back his men, Frobisher turned homewards, and reached London on the 9th of See also:October.
Among the things which had been hastily brought away by the men was some " See also:black See also:earth," and just as it seemed as if nothing more was to come of this expedition, it was noised abroad that the apparently valueless black earth
was really a lump of See also:gold ore. It is difficult to say how this rumour arose, and whether there was any truth in it, or whether Frobisher was a party to a deception, in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to obtain means to carry out the See also:great . See also:idea of his See also:life. The See also:story, at any See also:rate, was so far successful; the greatest See also:enthusiasm was manifested by the See also:court and the commercial and speculating See also:world of the time; and next See also:year a much more important expedition than the former was fitted out, the queen
lending the " Aid " from the royal See also:navy and subscribing £1000 towards the expenses of the expedition. A See also:Company of Cathay was established, with a See also:charter from the See also:crown, giving the company the See also:sole right of sailing in every direction but the See also:east; Frobisher was appointed high See also:admiral of all lands and See also:waters that might be discovered by him. On the 26th of May 1577 the expedition, consisting, besides the "Aid," of the See also:ships " Gabriel " and " Michael," with boats, pinnaces and an aggregate See also:complement of 120 men, including miners, refiners, &c., See also:left Black-See also:wall, and sailing by the north of See also:Scotland reached See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall's Island at the mouth of Frobisher Bay on the 17th of July. A few days later the See also:country and the See also:south See also:side of the bay was solemnly taken See also:possession of in the queen's name. Several See also:weeks were now spent in See also:collecting ore, but very little was done in the way of discovery, Frobisher being specially directed by his See also:commission to " defer the further discovery of the passage until another time." There was much parleying and some skirmishing with the natives, and See also:earnest but futile attempts made to recover the men captured the previous year. The return was begun on the 23rd of August, and the " Aid " reached See also:Milford Haven on the 23rd of See also:September; the " Gabriel " and " Michael," having separated, arrived later at See also:Bristol and See also:Yarmouth.
Frobisher was received and thanked by the queen at See also:Windsor. Great preparations were made and considerable expense incurred for the See also:assaying of the great quantity of " ore " (about 200 tons) brought See also:home. This took up much time, and led to considerable dispute among the various parties interested. Meantime the faith of the queen and others remained strong in the productiveness of the newly discovered territory, which she herself named See also:Meta Incognita, and it was resolved to send out a larger expedition than ever, with all necessaries for the See also:establishment of a See also:colony of too men. Frobisher was again received by the queen at Greenwich, and her See also:Majesty threw a See also:fine See also:chain of gold around his See also:neck. On the 31st of May 1578 the expedition, consisting in all of fifteen vessels, left See also:Harwich, and sailing by the English Channel on the loth of June reached the south of See also:Greenland, where Frobisher and some of his men managed to See also:land. On the and of July the See also:foreland of Frobisher Bay was sighted, but stormy weather and dangerous ice prevented the See also:rendezvous from being gained, and, besides causing the See also:wreck of the barque " See also:Dennis " of See also:loo tons, drove the fleet unwittingly up a new (See also:Hudson) strait. After proceeding about 6o m. up this" mistaken strait," Frobisher with apparent reluctance turned back, and after many buffetings and separations the fleet at last came to anchor in Frobisher Bay. Some See also:attempt was made at See also:founding a See also:settlement, and a large quantity of ore was shipped; but, as might be expected, there was much dissension and not a little discontent among so heterogeneous a company, and on the last See also:day of August the fleet set out on its return to See also:England, which was reached in the beginning of October. Thus ended what was little better than a fiasco, though Frobisher himself cannot be held to blame for the result; the See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme was altogether chimerical, and the " ore " seems to have been not See also:worth smelting.
In 158o Frobisher was employed as captain of one of the queen's ships in preventing the designs of See also:Spain to assist the Irish insurgents, and in the same year obtained a See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of the reversionary See also:title of clerk of the royal navy. In 1585 he commanded the " See also:Primrose," as See also:vice-admiral to Sir F. See also:Drake in his expedition to the West Indies, and when soon afterwards the country was threatened with invasion by the See also:Spanish See also:Armada, Frobisher's name was one of four mentioned by the See also:lord high admiral in a See also:letter to the queen of " men of the greatest experience that this See also:realm hath," and for his See also:signal services in the " See also:Triumph," in the See also:dispersion of the Armada, he was knighted. He continued to cruise about in the Channel until 1590, when he was sent in command of a small fleet to the coast of Spain. In 1591 he visited his native Altofts, and there married his second wife, a daughter of Lord See also:Wentworth, becoming at the same time a landed proprietor in Yorkshire and Notts. He found, how-ever, little leisure for a country life, and the following year took See also:charge of the fleet fitted out by Sir See also:Walter See also:Raleigh to the Spanish coast, returning with a See also:rich See also:prize. In See also:November 1594 he wasengaged with a See also:squadron in the See also:siege and See also:relief of See also:Brest, when he received a See also:wound at Fort Crozon from which he died at See also:Plymouth on the 22nd of November. His See also:body was taken to London and buried at St See also:Giles', Cripplegate. Though he appears to have been somewhat rough in his bearing, and too strict a disciplinarian to be much loved, Frobisher was undoubtedly one of the most able See also:seamen of his time and justly takes See also:rank among England's great See also:naval heroes.
See See also:Hakluyt's Voyages; the Hakluyt Society's Three Voyages of Frobisher; Rev. F. See also:- JONES
- JONES, ALFRED GILPIN (1824-1906)
- JONES, EBENEZER (182o-186o)
- JONES, ERNEST CHARLES (1819-1869)
- JONES, HENRY (1831-1899)
- JONES, HENRY ARTHUR (1851- )
- JONES, INIGO (1573-1651)
- JONES, JOHN (c. 1800-1882)
- JONES, MICHAEL (d. 1649)
- JONES, OWEN (1741-1814)
- JONES, OWEN (1809-1874)
- JONES, RICHARD (179o-1855)
- JONES, SIR ALFRED LEWIS (1845-1909)
- JONES, SIR WILLIAM (1746-1794)
- JONES, THOMAS RUPERT (1819– )
- JONES, WILLIAM (1726-1800)
Jones's Life of Frobisher (1878); See also:Julian Corbett, Drake and the Tudor Navy (1898).
End of Article: FROBISHER, SIR MARTIN (c. 1535—1594)
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