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ALNWICK , a See also:market-See also:town and the See also:county-town of See also:Northumberland, See also:England, in the See also:Berwick-upon-See also:Tweed See also:parliamentary See also:division, 309 M. N. by W. from See also:London, on a See also:branch of the See also:North Eastern railway. Pop. of See also:urban See also:district (1901) 6916. It is beautifully situated on the small See also:river Aln, in a hilly district. Its See also:history has See also:left many marks. Dominating the town frgm an See also:eminence above the See also:south See also:bank of the river stands the See also:castle, held by the Percys since 1309, and See also:long before this an important border stronghold. A gateway of c. 1350, a See also:fine See also:Norman See also:arch of the See also:middle of the 12th See also:century, and the See also:ancient well in the keep, are among noteworthy ancient portions; but the castle was extensively renovated and altered in the second See also:half of the 18th century, while in 1854, when the lofty Prudhoe See also:tower was built, a See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme of decoration in See also:Italian See also:style was adopted in the interior; so that the castle, though magnificent, has largely lost its historic See also:character. It contains numerous fine examples of the See also:works of Italian and other artists, and collections of See also:British and See also:Roman and See also:Egyptian antiquities. In the beautiful See also:park are a See also:monument commemorating the See also:capture of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William the See also:Lion of See also:Scotland when besieging the town in 1174, two memorial towers, and a British See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone chamber. Remains of the See also:wall which formerly surrounded Alnwick are visible, and one of the four See also:gates, the Bondgate, stands, dating from the See also:early See also:part of the 15th century. The See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St See also:Michael has Norman remains, but is principally Perpendicular; it contains several ancient monuments and incised slabs. The See also:modern church of St See also:Paul has a fine See also:east window of See also:German stained See also:glass. Within the confines of the park are ruins of two abbeys. Alnwick See also:Abbey was a Premonstratensian See also:foundation of 1149; only a gateway tower stands, but the ground-See also:plan was excavated in 1884 and is outlined on the See also:surface. At 3 M. from the town are more extensive remains of Hulne Abbey (1240), an early Carmelite monastery. The long narrow church remains unroofed; there are also a gateway tower, and portions of the See also:chapter-See also:house and cloisters. The Norman See also:chapel of the See also:hospital of St Leonard, which, as well as Alnwick Abbey, was founded by Eustace Fitz See also:John, completes the See also:series of antiquities in Alnwick. In thisinteresting locality however, there must be mentioned the See also:mansion of Howick, built in the 18th century, in a fine situation near the See also:coast to the N.E. Not far from this, overlooking the See also:sea from a rocky cliff pierced by deep gullies, are the ruins of Dunstanborough Castle; it See also:dates from the 14th century, though the site was probably occupied as a stronghold from earlier times.
The See also:chief See also:industries are See also:brewing, See also:tobacco, See also:snuff and fishing-tackle making, and See also:corn milling. Alnwick is under an urban district See also:council, but is a See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough by See also:prescription, and its freemen See also:form a See also:body corporate without authority over the affairs of the town. It is, however, required to pay, under an See also:act of 1882, a sum not less than £500 out of the corporate See also:property towards the upkeep of See also:corporation See also:schools. An ancient See also:peculiar ceremony was attached until modern times to the making of freemen; those elected were required to ride in procession to a large See also:pool called Freemen's Well and there See also:rush through the See also:water According to tradition the observance of this See also:custom was enjoined by See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King John to punish the inhabitants, the king having lost his way and fallen into a See also:bog owing to the neglected See also:condition of the roads in the neighbourhood.
According to the See also:Chronicle of Alnwick Abbey, the See also:barony of Alnwick belonged before the See also:Conquest to See also:- GILBERT
- GILBERT (KINGSMILL) ISLANDS
- GILBERT (or GYLBERDE), WILLIAM (1544-1603)
- GILBERT, ALFRED (1854– )
- GILBERT, ANN (1821-1904)
- GILBERT, GROVE KARL (1843– )
- GILBERT, J
- GILBERT, JOHN (1810-1889)
- GILBERT, MARIE DOLORES ELIZA ROSANNA [" LOLA MONTEZ "] (1818-1861)
- GILBERT, NICOLAS JOSEPH LAURENT (1751–1780)
- GILBERT, SIR HUMPHREY (c. 1539-1583)
- GILBERT, SIR JOSEPH HENRY (1817-1901)
- GILBERT, SIR WILLIAM SCHWENK (1836– )
Gilbert Tyson, whose son and See also:heir William was killed at See also:Hastings, and whose estates with his daughter were granted by the king to No de Vescy, although this theory does not seem probable since Gilbert Tyson was certainly not a Saxon. In 1291 William de Vescy, a descendant of Ivo, dying without issue, left the barony to the See also:bishop of See also:Durham, who in 1309 sold it to See also:Sir See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Percy, in whose See also:family it still continues. The town evidently See also:grew up See also:round the castle, which is said to have been built by Eustace FitzJohn about 1140. Tradition states that it received its borough See also:charter from King John. However, Alnwick is first definitely mentioned as a borough in a charter given by William de Vescy in the reign of Henry II., by which the burgesses were to have See also:common of pasture on See also:Haydon See also:Moor and to hold of him " as freely and quietly as the burgesses of See also:Newcastle hold of the king." This charter was confirmed by his See also:grandson, William de Vescy, in an undated charter, and again by William, son of the latter William, in 1290. According to an inquiry of 1291 a market and See also:fair were held in Alnwick from See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time immemorial. In 1297 See also:Edward I., in addition, granted the bishop of Durham a market on Saturday, and a fair on the 17th of See also:March and six following days. By charters of Henry VI. the burgesses received See also:licence to enclose their town with a wall, to have a See also:free See also:port at Alnmouth, a market on Wednesday as well as Saturday, and two new fairs on the feasts of SS See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip and See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James and St See also:Lucy, and eight days following each. Tanning and See also:weaving were formerly the See also:principal industries carried on in Alnwick, and in 1646 there were twenty-two tanneries there. Alnwick has never been represented in See also:parliament.
See See also:George See also:Tate, The History of the Borough, Castle, and Barony of Alnwick, 2 vols. (Alnwick, 1866—1869) ; See also:Victoria County History, Northumberland.
End of Article: ALNWICK
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