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See also:BERWICK, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES FITZJAMES , See also:DuKE of (1670-1734), See also:marshal of See also:France, was the natural son of James, duke of See also:York, afterwards James II. of See also:England, by Arabella See also:Churchill (1648-1730), See also:sister of the See also:great duke of See also:Marlborough. He was See also:born at See also:Moulins (Bourbonnais) on the 21st of See also:August 1670. He received his See also:education in France at the hands of the See also:Jesuits, and at the See also:age of fifteen, his See also:father having succeeded to the See also:throne, he was sent to learn the business of a soldier under the famous See also:general of the See also:empire, See also:Charles of See also:Lorraine. He served his first See also:campaign in See also:Hungary, and was See also:present at the See also:siege of Buda. He then returned to England, was made a See also:colonel of the 8th See also:Foot, and in 1687 created duke of Berwick, See also:earl of See also:Teignmouth and See also:Baron See also:Bosworth. He then went out afresh to Hungary and was present at the See also:battle of Mohacz. On his return to England he was made K.G., colonel of the 3rd See also:troop of See also:horse See also:guards (Royal Horse Guards See also:Blue) and See also:governor of See also:Portsmouth, but soon afterwards the revolution forced him to flee to France. He served under James II. in the campaign in See also:Ireland, and was present at the battle of the See also:Boyne. For a See also:short See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time he was See also:left in Ireland as See also:commander-in-See also:chief, but his youth and inexperience unfitted him for the See also:post, and he was a See also:mere puppet in stronger hands. He then took service in the See also:French See also:army, fought under Marshal Luxembourg in See also:Flanders, and took See also:part in the battles of Steinkirk and See also:Neerwinden, at the latter of which he was taken prisoner. He was, however, immediately exchanged for the duke of See also:Ormond, and afterwards he served under See also:Villeroi. In 1695 he married the widow of See also:Patrick See also:Sarsfield, who died in 1698. His second See also:marriage, with See also:Anne Bulkeley, took See also:place in 1700. As a See also:lieutenant-general he served in the campaign of 1702, after which he became naturalized as a French subject in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to be eligible for the marshalate. In 1704, he first took command of the French army in See also:Spain. So highly was he now esteemed for his courage, abilities and integrity, that all parties were anxious to have him on their See also:side (Eloge, by See also:Montesquieu). His See also:tenure of the command was, however, very short, and after one campaign he was replaced by the Marshal de Tesse. In 1705 he commanded against the See also:Camisards in See also:Languedoc, and when on this expedition he is said to have carried out his orders with remorseless rigour. His successful expedition against See also:Nice in 1706 caused him to be made marshal of France, and in the same See also:year he returned to Spain as commander-in-chief of the Franco-See also:Spanish armies. On the 25th of See also:April 1707, the duke won the great and decisive victory of Almanza, where an Englishman at the See also:head of a French army defeated See also:Ruvigny, earl of See also:Galway, a Frenchman at the head of an See also:English army. The victory established See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip V. on the throne of Spain. Berwick was made a peer of France by See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis XIV., and duke of Liria and of Xereca and lieutenant of See also:Aragon by Philip. Thenceforward Berwick was recognized as one of the greatest generals of his time, and successively commanded in nearly all the theatres of See also:war. From 1709 to 1712 he defended the See also:south-See also:east frontier of France in a See also:series of See also:campaigns which, unmarked by any decisive battle, were yet See also:models of the See also:art of war as practised at the time. The last great event of the War of the Spanish See also:Succession was the storming of See also:Barcelona by Berwick, after a See also:long siege, on the 11th of See also:September 1714. Three years later he was appointed military governor of the See also:province of See also:Guienne, in which post he became intimate with
Montesquieu. In 1718 he found himself under the See also:necessity of once more entering Spain with an army; and this time he had to fight against Philip V., the See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king who owed chiefly to Berwick's courage and skill the safety of his throne. One of the marshal's sons, known as the duke of Liria, was settled in Spain, and was counselled by his father not to shrink from doing his See also:duty and fighting for his See also:sovereign. Many years of See also:peace followed this campaign, and Marshal Berwick was not again called to serve in the See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field till 1733. He advised and See also:con-ducted the siege of Philipsburg, and while the siege was going on was killed by a See also:cannon-shot on the 12th of See also:June 1734. Cool, self-possessed and cautious as a general, Marshal Berwick was at the same time not wanting in audacity and swiftness of See also:action. He was a true general of the 18th See also:century, not less in his care for the lives of his men than in his punctiliousness and rigidity in matters of discipline.
The MImoires of Marshal Berwick, revised, annotated and continued by the See also:Abbe See also:Hooke, were published by the marshal's See also:grand-son in 1778. Montesquieu made many contributions to this.
End of Article: BERWICK, JAMES FITZJAMES
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