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LANG, ANDREW (1844— )

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Originally appearing in Volume V16, Page 171 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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LANG, See also:ANDREW (1844— ) , See also:British See also:man of letters, was See also:born on the 31st of See also:March 1844, at See also:Selkirk, See also:Scotland. He was educated at the See also:Edinburgh See also:Academy, St See also:Andrews University and at Balliol See also:College, See also:Oxford, where he took a first class in the final classical See also:schools in 1868, becoming a See also:fellow and subsequently honorary fellow of Merton College. As a journalist, poet, critic and historian, he soon made a reputation as one of the ablest and most versatile writers of the See also:day. His first publication was a See also:volume of metrical experiments, The See also:Ballads and Lyrics of Old See also:France (1872), and this was followed at intervals by other volumes of dainty See also:verse, xxii. Ballades in See also:Blue See also:China (188o, enlarged edition, 1888), Ballads and Verses Vain (1884), selected by Mr See also:Austin See also:Dobson; Rhymes d la Mode (1884), Grass of See also:Parnassus (1888), See also:Ban and Arriere Ban (1894), New Collected Rhymes (1905). He collaborated with S. II. See also:Butcher in a See also:prose See also:translation (1879) of the Odyssey, and with E. See also:Myers and See also:Walter See also:Leaf in a prose version (1883) of the Iliad, both of them remark-able for accurate scholarship and excellence of See also:style. As a Homeric See also:scholar, of conservative views, he took a high See also:rank. His See also:Homer and the Epic appeared in 1893; a new prose translation of The Homeric See also:Hymns in 1899, with essays See also:literary and mythological, in which See also:parallels to the See also:Greek myths arc given from the traditions of See also:savage races; and his Homer and his See also:Age in 1906. His purely journalistic activity was from the first of a varied description, ranging from sparkling " leaders " for the Daily See also:News to See also:miscellaneous articles for the See also:Morning See also:Post, and for many years he was literary editor of Longman's See also:Magazine; no critic was in more See also:request, whether for occasional articles and introductions to new See also:editions or as editor of dainty reprints.

To the study of Scottish See also:

history Mr Lang brought a scholarly care for detail, a piquant literary style, and a See also:gift for disentangling complicated questions. The See also:Mystery of See also:Mary See also:Stuart (1901, new and revised ed., 1904) was a See also:consideration of the fresh See also:light thrown on Mary's history by the See also:Lennox See also:MSS. in the University library, See also:Cambridge, strengthening her See also:case by restating the perfidy of her accusers. He also wrote monographs on The Portraits and Jewels of Mary Stuart (1906) and See also:James VI. and the See also:Gowrie Mystery (1902). The somewhat unfavourable view of See also:John See also:Knox presented in his See also:book John Knox and the See also:Reformation (19o5) aroused considerable controversy, He gave new See also:information about the See also:continental career of the See also:Young Pretender in See also:Pickle the See also:Spy (1897), an See also:account of Alastair Ruadh See also:Macdonell, whom he identified with Pickle, a notorious Hanoverian spy. This was followed in 1898 by The Companions of Pickle, and in 1900 by a monograph .on See also:Prince See also:Charles See also:Edward. In 1900 he began a History of Scotland from the See also:Roman Occupation, the See also:fourth volume of which (1907) brought Scottish history down to 1746. The See also:Valet's Tragedy (1903), which takes its See also:title from an See also:essay on the" Man with the See also:Iron See also:Mask," (see IRON MASK), collectstwelve papers on See also:historical mysteries, and A See also:Monk of See also:Fife (1896) is a fictitious narrative purporting to be written by a young See also:Scot in France in 1429—1431. Mr Lang's versatility was also shown in his valuable See also:works on folk-See also:lore and on See also:primitive See also:religion. The earliest of these works was See also:Custom and Myth (1884); in Myth, Literature and Religion (2 vols., 1887, See also:French trans., 1896) he explained the irrational elements of See also:mythology as survivals from earlier savagery; in The Making of Religion (an idealization of savage See also:animism) he maintained the existence of high spiritual ideas among savage races, and instituted comparisons between savage practices and the 'occult phenomena among civilized races; he dealt with the origins of See also:totemism (q.v.) in Social Origins, printed (1903) together with J. J. See also:Atkinson's Primal See also:Law. He was one of the founders of the study of " Psychical See also:Research," and his other writings on See also:anthropology include The Book of Dreams and Ghosts (1897), Magic and Religion (19o1) and The See also:Secret of the Totem (1905).

He carried the See also:

humour and sub-acidity of discrimination which marked his See also:criticism of fellow folk-lorists into the discussion of purely literary subjects in his Books and Bookmen (1886), Letters to Dead Authors (1886), Letters on Literature (1889), &c. His Blue See also:Fairy See also:Tale Book (1889), beautifully produced and illustrated, was followed annually at See also:Christmas by a book of fairy tales and romances See also:drawn from many See also:sources. He edited The Poems and Songs of See also:Robert See also:Burns (1896), and was responsible for the See also:Life and Letters (1897) of J. G. See also:Lockhart, and The Life, Letters and Diaries (189o) of See also:Sir See also:Stafford See also:Northcote, first See also:earl of See also:Iddesleigh.

End of Article: LANG, ANDREW (1844— )

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