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AUSTIN , the See also:capital of See also:Texas, U.S.A., and the See also:county-seat of Travis county, on the N. See also:bank of the See also:Colorado See also:river, near the centre of the See also:state and about 145 M. W.N.W. of See also:Houston. Pop. (1890) 14,575; (1900) 22,258, of whom 5822 were negroes; (1910 See also:census) 29;860. Austin is served by the Houston & Texas Central, the See also:International & See also:Great See also:Northern, and the See also:Missouri, See also:Kansas & Texas See also:railways. The See also:city is built on high bluffs 40-120 ft. above the river, which is spanned here by a See also:bridge, built in 1874. The Texas State Capitol, a handsome See also:building of red Texas See also:granite, with a See also:dome 318 ft. high, cost more than $3,500,000, and stands in a square in the centre of the city. It was built (1881–1888) by See also:Chicago capitalists in See also:exchange for a See also:land See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of 3,000,000 acres. It is in the See also:form of a See also:Greek See also:cross, with an extreme length of 556.5 ft. and an extreme width of 288.8 ft. Next to the See also:National Capitol at See also:Washington, it is the largest capitol building in the See also:United States, and it is said to be one of the ten largest buildings in the See also:world. Austin is the seat of the University of Texas (opened in 1883; co-educational) ; the medical See also:department of the state university is at See also:Galveston, and the departments in Austin are the See also:college of arts, department of See also:education, department of See also:engineering, department of See also:law, school of See also:pharmacy, and school of See also:nursing. The See also:government of the university is vested in a See also:board of eight regents nominated by the See also:governor and appointed with the See also:advice and consent of the state See also:senate. At Austin are also state institutions and asylums for the insane, the See also:blind, the coloured See also:deaf and blind; the state school for the deaf and dumb; the state Confederate See also:home; the Confederate woman's home (1907 ; for wives and widows of Confederate soldiers and sailors), maintained by the Daughters of the Confederacy; St See also:Mary's See also:Academy (See also:Roman See also:Catholic, under the supervision of the Sisters of the See also:Holy Cross, founded 1875, chartered 1886); St See also:Edward's College (Roman Catholic, chartered 1885); the Austin Presbyterian Theological See also:Seminary (Presbyterian See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, See also:South), opened in 1902 by the See also:Synod of Texas, and after 1905 partly controlled by the Synod of See also:Arkansas; See also:Tillotson College (a See also:negro school under Congregational See also:control, founded by the See also:American Missionary Association, chartered in 1877, and opened in 1881) ; and See also:Samuel Huston College (for negroes; Methodist Episcopal; opened in 1900 and named in See also:honour of an Iowan benefactor). The See also:principal See also:newspapers of Austin are the Statesman (Democratic, established in 1871), a See also:morning See also:paper, and the See also:Tribune (Democratic, established in 1891), an evening paper. The Quarterly of the Texas State See also:Historical Society is published here. Austin is the principal See also:trade and jobbing centre for central and western Texas, is an important See also:market for live-stock, See also:cotton, See also:grain and See also:wool, and has extensive manufactories of See also:flour, cotton-See also:seed oil, See also:leather goods, See also:lumber and wooden See also:ware; the value of the factory product in 1905 was $1,569,353, being 105.2 % more than in 1900. The city owns and operates its See also:water-See also:supply See also:system. In 1890–1893 one of the largest dams in the world, an immense structure of granite See also:masonry, 1200 ft. See also:long, 6o-7o ft. high, and 18 to 66 ft. thick, was constructed across the Colorado river 2 M. above the city for the pur-
supplying mater and See also:power, creating a See also:reservoir (See also:Lake M`Donald) about 30 M. long. Freshets in the See also:spring of 1900, pose
of
however, undermined the See also:wall, and on the 7th of See also:April the See also:dam See also:broke with a resulting loss of several lives and about $1,000,000 See also:worth of See also:property. The rebuilding of the dam was projected in 1907. Austin was first settled in 1838 and was named See also:Waterloo, but in 1839, when it was chosen as the site of the capital of the See also:Republic of Texas, it was renamed in honour of See also:Stephen F. Austin, one of its founders. Under the See also:influence of See also:General Sam Houston the capita] was for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time in 1842–1845 removed from Austin to Houston, but in 1845 an See also:ordinance was passed making Austin the capital, and it remained the state capital after Texas entered the See also:Union, although See also:Huntsville and Tehuacana Springs in 185o and Houston in 1872 attempted in popular elections
See also:PHYSICAL" See also:GEOGRAPHY Physiography.—The salient features of the Australian See also:continent are its compact outline, the See also:absence of navigable See also:rivers communicating with the interior, the absence of active volcanoes or See also:snow-capped mountains, itschharacte (ared
r.
See also:isolation from other lands, and its antiquity. Some of
the most profound changes that have taken See also:place on this globe occurred in Mesozoic times, and a great portion of See also:Australia was already dry land when vast tracts of See also:Europe and See also:Asia were submerged; in this sense, therefore, Australia has been rightly referred to as one of the See also:oldest existing land surfaces. It has been described as at once the largest See also:island and the smallest continent on the globe. The general contours exemplify the law of geographers in regard to continents, viz. as to their having a high border around a depressed interior, and the highest mountains on the See also:side of the greatest ocean. On the N. Australia is bounded by the See also:Timor See also:Sea, the Arafura Sea and Torres Strait; on the E. by the Pacific Ocean; on the S. by See also:Bass Strait and the See also:Southern Ocean; and on the W. by the See also:Indian Ocean. It stands up from the ocean depths in three fairly well-marked terraces. The basal See also:plain of these terraces is the See also:bed of- the ocean, which on the Pacific side has an See also:average See also:depth of 15,000 ft. From this profound See also:foundation rise Australia, New See also:Guinea and See also:Melanesia, in varying slopes. The
ledge rising from the ocean See also:floor has a depth averaging
8000 ft. below sea-level. The See also:outer edge of this ledge is roughly parallel to the See also:coast of Western Australia, and more than 150 m. from the land. See also:Round the Australian See also:Bight it continues parallel to the coast, until south of See also:Spencer Gulf (the basal ledge still averaging 8000 ft. in depth) it sweeps southwards to See also:lat. 55°, and forms a submarine promontory See also:I000 m. long. The edge of the abysmal See also:area comes See also:close to the eastern coasts of.See also:Tasmania and New South See also:Wales, approaching to within 6o m. of Cape See also:Howe. The See also:terrace.closest to the land, known as the See also:continental shelf, has an average depth of boo ft., and connects Australia, New Guinea, and Tasmania in one unbroken sweep. Compared with other continents, the Australian continental shelf is extremely narrow, and there are points on the eastern coast where
to be chosen in its place. The first Anglo-American See also:settlement in Texas, established on the Brazos river in 1823 by members of the Austin See also:colony, was See also:San Felipe de Austin now San Felipe. In 1909 Austin adopted a See also:commission form of government.
End of Article: AUSTIN
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