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KNOX, HENRY (1750-1806)

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Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 878 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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KNOX, See also:HENRY (1750-1806) , See also:American See also:general, was See also:born in See also:Boston, See also:Massachusetts, of Scottish-Irish parentage, on the 25th of See also:July 1750. He was prominent in the colonial See also:militia and tried to keep the Boston See also:crowd and the See also:British soldiers from the clash known as the Boston See also:massacre (177o). In 1771 he opened the " See also:London See also:Book-See also:Store " in Boston. He had read much of See also:tactics and See also:strategy, joined the American See also:army at the outbreak of the See also:War of See also:Independence, and fought at Bunker See also:Hill, planned the defences of the camps of the army before Boston, and brought from See also:Lake See also:George and border forts much-needed See also:artillery. At Trenton he crossed the See also:river before the See also:main See also:body, and in the attack rendered such See also:good service that he was made brigadier-general and See also:chief of artillery in the See also:Continental army on the following See also:day. He was See also:present at See also:Princeton; was chiefly responsible for the See also:mistake in attacking the " Chew See also:House " at See also:German-See also:town; urged New See also:York as the See also:objective of the See also:campaign of 1778; served with efficiency at See also:Monmouth and at See also:Yorktown; and after the surrender of See also:Cornwallis was promoted See also:major--general, and served as a See also:commissioner on the See also:exchange of prisoners. His services throughout the war were of See also:great value to the American cause; he was one of General See also:Washington's most trusted advisers, and he brought the artillery to a high degree of efficiency. From See also:December 1783 until See also:June 1784 he was the See also:senior officer of the See also:United States army. In See also:April 1783 he had drafted a See also:scheme of a society to be formed by the American See also:officers and the See also:French officers who had served in See also:America during the war, and to be called the " See also:Cincinnati "; of this society he was the first secretary-general (1783–1799) and in 1805 became See also:vice-See also:president-general. In 1785–1794 Knox was secretary of war, being the first See also:man to hold this position after the organization of the Federal See also:government in 1789. He urged ineffectually a See also:national militia See also:system, to enroll all citizens over 18 and under 6o in the " advanced See also:corps," the " main corps " or the " reserve," and for this and his See also:close friendship with Washington was bitterly assailed by the Republicans. In 1793 he had begun to build his house, See also:Montpelier, at Thomaston, See also:Maine, where he speculated unsuccessfully in the holdings of the Eastern See also:Land Association; and he lived there until his See also:death on the 25th of See also:October 1806.

See F. S. See also:

Drake, Memoir of General Henry Knox (Boston, 1873) ; and See also:Noah See also:Brooks, Henry Knox (New York, 1900) in the " American Men of See also:Energy " See also:series.

End of Article: KNOX, HENRY (1750-1806)

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