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BURNS, JOHN (1858– )

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Originally appearing in Volume V04, Page 856 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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BURNS, See also:JOHN (1858– ) , See also:English politician, was See also:born at See also:Vauxhall, See also:London, in See also:October 1858, the second son of See also:Alexander Burns, an engineer, of See also:Ayrshire extraction. He attended a See also:national school in See also:Battersea until he was ten years old, when he was sent to See also:work in See also:Price's See also:candle factory. He worked for a See also:short See also:time as a See also:page-boy, then in some See also:engine See also:works, and at fourteen was apprenticed for seven years to a Millbank engineer. He continued his See also:education at the See also:night-See also:schools, and read extensively, especially the works of See also:Robert See also:Owen, J. S. See also:Mill, See also:Paine and See also:Cobbett. He ascribed his See also:conversion to the principles of See also:socialism to his sense of the insufficiency of the arguments advanced against it by J. S. Mill, but he had learnt socialistic See also:doctrine from a See also:French See also:fellow-workman, See also:Victor Delahaye, who had witnessed the See also:Commune. After working at his See also:trade in various parts of See also:England, and on See also:board See also:ship, he went for a See also:year to the See also:West See also:African See also:coast at the mouth of the See also:Niger as a foreman engineer. His earnings from this undertaking were expended on a six months' tour in See also:France, See also:Germany and See also:Austria for the study of See also:political and economic conditions. He had See also:early begun the practice of outdoor speaking, and his exceptional See also:physical strength and strong See also:voice were invaluable qualifications for a popular agitator.

In 1878 he was arrested and locked up for the night for addressing an open-See also:

air demonstration on Clapham See also:Common. Two years later he married See also:Charlotte See also:Gale, the daughter of a Battersea shipwright. He was again arrested in 1886 for his See also:share in the West End riots when the windows of the Carlton and other London clubs were broken, but cleared himself at the Old See also:Bailey of the See also:charge of inciting the See also:mob to violence. In See also:November of the next year, however, he was again arrested for resisting the See also:police in their See also:attempt to break up the See also:meeting in See also:Trafalgar Square, and was condemned to six See also:weeks' imprisonment. A speech delivered by him at the See also:Industrial Remuneration See also:Conference of 1884 had attracted considerable See also:attention, and in that year he became a member of the Social Democratic Federation, which put him forward unsuccessfully in the next year as See also:parliamentary See also:candidate for West See also:Nottingham. His connexion with the Social Democratic Federation was short-lived; but he was an active member of the executive•of the Amalgamated See also:Engineers' trade See also:union, and was connected with the trades union congresses until 1895, when, through his See also:influence, a See also:resolution excluding all except wage labourers was passed. He was still working at his trade in See also:Hoe's See also:printing See also:machine works when he became a Progressive member of the first London See also:County See also:Council, being supported by an See also:allowance of £2 a See also:week subscribed by his constituents, the Battersea working men. He introduced in 1892 a See also:motion that all contracts for the County Council should be paid at trade union rates and carried out under trade union conditions, and devoted his efforts in See also:general to a See also:war against monopolies, except those of the See also:state or the See also:municipality. In the same year (1889) in which he became a member of the County Council, he acted with Mr See also:Ben Tillett as the See also:chief See also:leader and organizer of the London See also:dock strike. He entered the See also:House of See also:Commons as member for Battersea in 1892, and was re-elected in 1895, 1900 and 1906. In See also:parliament he became well known as an in-dependent See also:Radical, and he was included in the Liberal See also:cabinet by See also:Sir See also:Henry See also:Campbell-Bannerman in See also:December 1905 as See also:president of the See also:Local See also:Government Board. During the next two years, though much out of favour with his former socialist See also:allies, he earned See also:golden opinions for his administrative policy, and for his refusal to adopt the visionary proposals put forward by the more extreme members of the Labour party for dealing with the " unemployed " question; and in 1908 he retained his See also:office in Mr See also:Asquith's cabinet.

End of Article: BURNS, JOHN (1858– )

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