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TISCHENDORF, LOBEGOTT FRIEDRICH KONST...

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Originally appearing in Volume V26, Page 1014 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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TISCHENDORF, LOBEGOTT See also:FRIEDRICH KONSTANTIN VON (1815-1874) . See also:German biblical critic, the son of a physician, was See also:born on the 18th of See also:January 1815 at Lengenfeld, near See also:Plauen, in the Saxon See also:Vogtland. From the gymnasium at Plauen he passed in 1834 to the university of See also:Leipzig, where he was mainly influenced by J. G. B. See also:Winer (1789-1858), and began to take See also:special See also:interest in New Testament See also:criticism. In 1838 he took the degree of See also:doctor of See also:philosophy, and then be-came See also:master at a school near Leipzig. After a See also:journey through See also:southern See also:Germany and See also:Switzerland, and a visit to See also:Strassburg, he returned to Leipzig, and set to See also:work upon a See also:critical study of the New Testament See also:text, following the guidance of Karl See also:Lachmann. In 184o he qualified as university lecturer in See also:theology with a dissertation on the recensions of the New Testament text, the See also:main See also:part of which re-appeared in the following See also:year in the prolegomena to his first edition of the New Testament. These See also:early textual studies convinced him of the See also:absolute See also:necessity of new and exacter collations of See also:MSS. From See also:October 184o till January 1843 he was in See also:Paris, busy with the treasures of the See also:great library, eking out his scanty means by making collations for other scholars, and producing for the publisher, F. See also:Didot, several See also:editions of the See also:Greek New Testament, one of them exhibiting the See also:form of the text corresponding most closely to the See also:Vulgate.

The great See also:

triumph of these laborious months was the decipherment of the See also:palimpsest Codex Ephraemi Syri Rescriptus, of which the New Testament part was printed before he See also:left Paris and the Old Testament in 1845. His success in dealing with a MS. much of which, owing to the fact that it had been rewrittenwith the See also:works of Ephraem Syrus, had been illegible to earlier collators, brought him into See also:note and gained support for more extended critical expeditions. From Paris he had paid See also:short visits to See also:Holland (1841) and See also:England (1842). In 1843 he visited See also:Italy, and after a stay of thirteen months went on to See also:Egypt, See also:Sinai, See also:Palestine and the See also:Levant, returning by See also:Vienna and See also:Munich). From Sinai he brought a great treasure, See also:forty-three leaves of what is now known as the Codex Sinaiticus. He kept the See also:place of See also:discovery a See also:secret, and the fragments were published in 1846 as the Codex Friderico-Augustanus, a name given in See also:honour of the See also:king of See also:Saxony. He now became See also:professor extraordinarius in Leipzig, and married (1845). In the same year he began to publish an See also:account of his travels in the See also:East (2 vols., 1845-1846). In 1850 appeared his edition of the Codex Amiatinus and of the See also:Septuagint version of the Old Testament (7th ed., 1887); in 1852, amongst other works, his edition of the Codex Claromontanus. In 1853 and 1859 he made a second and a third voyage to the East. In the last of these, in which he had the active aid of the See also:Russian See also:government, he at length got See also:access to the See also:remainder of the See also:precious Sinaitic codex, and persuaded the monks to See also:present it to the See also:tsar, at whose cost it was published in 1862 (in four See also:folio volumes). In 1869 he was given the See also:style of " von " Tischendorf as a Russian See also:noble.

Meanwhile, in 1859, he had been made professor ordinarius of theology and of biblical See also:

palaeography, this latter professorship being specially created for him; and another See also:book of travel, Aus dem heiligen Lande, appeared in 1862. Tischendorf's Eastern journeys were See also:rich enough in other discoveries to deserve the highest praise.2 See also:Side by side with his See also:industry in See also:collecting and collating MSS., Tischendorf pursued a See also:constant course of editorial labours, mainly on the New Testament, until he was broken down by overwork in 1873. He died on the 7th of See also:December 1874 at Leipzig. The great edition, of which the text and apparatus appeared in 12369 and 1872,3 was called by himself editio viii. ; but this number is raised to twenty or twenty-one if See also:mere reprints from stereotype plates and the See also:minor editions of his great critical texts are included; See also:posthumous prints bring up the See also:total to forty-one. Four main recensions of Tischendorf's text may be distinguished, dating respectively from his editions of 1841, 1849, 1859 (ed. viz.), 1869–1872 (ed. viii.). The edition of 1849 may be regarded as historically the most important from the See also:mass of new critical material it used ; that of 1859 is distinguished from Tischendorf's other editions by coming nearer to the received text; in the 8th edition the testimony of the Sinaitic MS. received great (probably too great) See also:weight. The readings of the Vatican MS. were given with more exactness and certainty than had been possible in the earlier editions, and the editor had also the See also:advantage of using the published labours of S. P. See also:Tregelles. Much less important was Tischendorf's work on the Greek Old Testament. His edition of the See also:Roman text, with the variants of the Alexandrian MS., the Codex Ephraemi and the Friderico-Augustanus, was of service when it appeared in 1850, but, being stereotyped, was not greatly improved in subsequent issues.

Its imperfections, even within the limited See also:

field it covers, may be judged by the aid of C. E. Nestle's appendix to the 6th issue (188o). Besides this may be mentioned editions of the New Testament Apocrypha [De Evangeliorum apocryphorum origine et usu (1851); Ada Apostolorum apocrypha (1851) ; Evangelia apocrypha (1853; 2nd ed., 1876); Apocalypses apocryphae (1866)] and various minor writings, in part of an apologetic See also:character, such as Wann wurden unsere Evangelien verfasst ? (1865; 4th ed., 1866), Haben wir den echten Schrifttext der Evangelisten and Apostel ? (1873), and Synopsis evangelica (7th ed., 1898). See, in addition to the handbooks on New Testament criticism, Carl Bertheau's See also:article on Tischendorf in See also:Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopadie (3rd ed., 1907).

End of Article: TISCHENDORF, LOBEGOTT FRIEDRICH KONSTANTIN VON (1815-1874)

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