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See also:LACHMANN, KARL KONRAD See also:FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1793-1851) , See also:German philologist and critic, was See also:born at Bruns-See also:wick on the 4th of See also:March 1793. He studied at See also:Leipzig and See also:Gottingen, devoting himself mainly to philological studies. In 1815 he joined the Prussian See also:army as a volunteer chasseur and accompanied his detachment to See also:Paris, but did not encounter the enemy. In 1816 he became an assistant See also:master in the Friedrich See also:Werder gymnasium at See also:Berlin, and a privat-docent at the university. The same summer he became one of the See also:principal masters in the Friedrichs-Gymnasium of See also:Konigsberg, where he assisted his colleague, the Germanist Friedrich Karl Kopke (1785–1865) with his edition of See also:Rudolf von See also:Ems' Barlaam and Josaphat (1818), and also assisted his friend in a contemplated edition of the See also:works of See also:Walther von der Vogelweide. In See also:January 1818 he became See also:professor extraordinarius of classical See also:philology in the university of Konigsberg, and at the same See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time began to lecture on Old German See also:grammar and the See also:Middle High German poets. He devoted himself during the following seven years to an extraordinarily See also:minute study of those subjects, and in 1824 obtained leave of See also:absence in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order that he might See also:search the See also:libraries of middle and See also:south See also:Germany for further materials. In 1825 Lachmann was nominated extraordinary professor of classical and German philology in the university of Berlin (See also:ordinary professor '827); and in '83o he was admitted a member of the See also:Academy of Sciences. The See also:remainder of his laborious and fruitful See also:life as an author and a teacher was uneventful. He died on the 13th of March '85'.
Lachmann, who was the translator of the first See also:volume of P. E. See also:- MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
- MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
- MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
- MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
- MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
- MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
- MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
- MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
- MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
- MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)
Muller's Sagabibliothek See also:des skandinavischen Altertums (18'6), is a figure of considerable importance in the See also:history of German philology (see Rudolf von See also:Raumer, GeschichtedergermanischenPhilologie,187o). In his " Habilitationsschrift Uber See also:die urspriingliche Gestalt des Gedwchts der Nibelunge Not (1816), and still more in his See also:review of See also:Hagen's Nibelungen and Benecke's Bonerius, contributed in 1817 to
the Jenaische Literaturzeitung he had already laid down the rules of „
textual See also:criticism and elucidated the phonetic and metrical principles 24.” He possessed two documents in See also:French, purporting to
of Middle High German in a manner which marked a distinct have been written by See also:Charles II. at See also:Whitehall, on the 25th of
advance in that See also:branch of investigation. The rigidly scientific See also:character of his method becomes increasingly apparent in the Auswahl aus den hochdeutschen Dichtern des dreizehnten Jahrhunderts (1820), in the edition of See also:Hartmann's Iwein (1827), in those of Walther von der Vogelweide (1827) and Wolfram von Eschenbach (1833), in the papers " Ober das Hildebrandslied," " Uber althochdeutsche Betonung and Verskunst," " Uber den Eingang des Parzivals," and " Uber drei Bruchstiicke niederrheinischer Gedichte " published in the Abhandlungen of the Berlin Academy, and in Der Nibelunge Not and die Klage (1826, 11th ed., 1892), which was followed by a See also:critical commentary in 1836. Lachmann's Betrachtungen fiber See also:Homer's Ilias, first published in the Abhandlungen of the Berlin Academy in 1837 and 1841, in which he sought to show that the Iliad consists of sixteen See also:independent " See also:lays " variously enlarged and interpolated, have had considerable See also:influence on See also:modern Homeric criticism (see HOMER), although his views are no longer accepted. His smaller edition of the New Testament appeared in 1831, 3rd ed. 1846; the larger, in two volumes, in 1842—1850. The See also:plan of Lachmann's edition, explained by himself in the See also:Stud. u. Krit. of 183o, is a modification of the unaccomplished project of See also:Bentley. It seeks to restore the most See also:ancient See also:reading current in Eastern See also:MSS., using the consent of the Latin authorities (Old Latin and See also:Greek Western See also:Uncials) as the See also:main See also:- PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)
proof of antiquity of a reading where the See also:oldest Eastern authorities differ. Besides See also:Propertius (1816), Lachmann edited See also:Catullus (1829); See also:Tibullus (1829); Genesius (1834); See also:Terentianus Maurus (1836); See also:Babrius (1845); See also:Avianus (1845) See also:Gaius (184'–1842); the Agrimensores Romani 0848—'852); Lucileus (edited after his See also:death by Vahlen, '876) ; and See also:Lucretius (185o). The last, which was the main occupation of the closing years of his life, from 1845, was perhaps his greatest achievement, and has been characterized by See also:Munro as " a See also:work which will be a landmark for scholars as See also:long as the Latin See also:language continues to be studied." Lachmann also translated See also:Shakespeare's sonnets (182o) and See also:Macbeth (1829).
See M. See also:Hertz, Karl Lachmann, See also:elne Biographie (1851), where a full See also:list of Lachmann's works is given; F. See also:Leo, See also:Bede zur Sacularfeier K. Lachmanns (1893); J. See also:Grimm, See also:biography in Kleine Schriften; W. See also:Scherer in Allgemeine deutsche Biographie, xvii., and J. E. See also:Sandys, Hist. of Classical Scholarship, iii. (1908), pp. 127-131.
End of Article: LACHMANN, KARL KONRAD FRIEDRICH WILHELM (1793-1851)
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