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RUDOLF (otherwise known as Basso NORO...

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Originally appearing in Volume V23, Page 816 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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RUDOLF (otherwise known as Basso NOROK and Gannon) , a large See also:lake of E. See also:equatorial See also:Africa, forming the centre of an inland drainage See also:system, occupying the S. of the Abyssinian See also:highlands and a portion of the See also:great equatorial See also:plateau. The lake itself lies towards the N. of the great See also:East See also:African rift valley, between the See also:parallels of 2° 26' and 5° N., while the See also:meridian of 36° E. is slightly W. of the centre of the See also:northern wider See also:part, the narrower See also:southern portion bending to 362 E. The length along the curved See also:axis is 185 m., the maximum width 37, and the See also:area roughly 3500 sq. m. Its See also:altitude is 1250 ft. Towards the S. it seems to be deep, but it is come paratively shallow in the N. Its See also:water is brackish, but drink-able. The See also:country bordering the lake on almost every See also:side is sterile and forbidding. The S. end, for some 50 M. on the W. and for a longer distance on the E., is shut in by high cliffs —the escarpments of a rugged See also:lava-strewn country, which shows abundant signs of volcanic activity, great changes having been reported since 1889. In particular, the great See also:volcano of Lubburua (Teleki's volcano) at the S. end of the lake is said to have been destroyed between 1889 and 1897 by a sudden See also:explosion. The highest point of the S.E. side of the lake is See also:Mount Kulal, 7812 ft., while the culminating height within the See also:basin of the lake is Mount Sil, 9280 ft., which lies about 20 m. S. of Lubburua. Further N., on the W. side, sandy plains alternate with lines of See also:low hills, the immediate shores (on which the water appears to have encroached in very See also:modern times) being marked by spits of See also:sand, which in places cut off lagoons from the See also:main See also:body of the lake.

These are the haunt of great See also:

numbers of water-birds. In 3° 8' N. the dry See also:bed of the Turkwell—in its upper course a large rivea descending the slopes of Mount See also:Elgon—approaches the lake. Near the N. end mountains again approach the shores, the most prominent being Mount Lubbur (5200 ft.), an See also:extinct volcano with a well-preserved See also:crater. At the extreme N.W. corner a See also:bay some 35 M. See also:long (See also:Sanderson Gulf) is almost separated from the See also:rest of the lake by two long points of See also:land. On the E. side, open arid plains, with few trees, occupy most of the N. country. One See also:hill, in 3° 2o' N., has a height of 3470 ft., and at the N.E. end, separating the lake from Lake See also:Stefanie, is a hilly country, the highest point between the lakes being 3524 ft. Immediately N. of these hills rises the Hummurr Range, with one See also:peak exceeding 7000 ft. Near the S. end is the volcanic See also:island of Elmolo, to m. long, and there are a See also:fee small islets. Just N. of 4° N. is a small volcanic island with highest point 2100 ft. At the N. end of the lake a level swampy See also:plain is traversed by various arms of the lake and by the Nianam See also:river. This river has been shown to be identical with the Omo, the course of which ,was long one of the most debated questions of African See also:geography. Its northernmost feeders rise on the high plateau S. of the See also:Blue See also:Nile, in 9° ro' N., and being swollen by other streams from the E. and W., soon See also:form a large river.

During its See also:

lower course it makes two considerable bends to the W. before finally entering the lake as a deep stream a See also:quarter of a mile wide. Lake Rudolf (previously known on the east See also:coast by See also:report) was discovered in 1888 by See also:Count See also:Samuel Teleki and See also:Lieutenant See also:Ludwig von Hohnel. It was subsequently visited by Dr See also:Donaldson See also:Smith, See also:Vittorio Bottego, H. S. H. See also:Cavendish, H. H. See also:Austin, and others, and by 1905 its shores and the neighbouring country had become fairly well known. In 1907, by an agreement between the See also:powers concerned, the N.E. end of the lake, into which the Omo debouches, was assigned to See also:Abyssinia, the rest of the lake to Great See also:Britain. Au'rHOxrriEs.—See also:Geographical See also:Journal (See also:September 1896, See also:April 1898, See also:August 1899, May 1904; the last-named issue contains a See also:map by See also:Captain P. Maud, R.E.) ; Ludwig von Hohnel, See also:Discovery of Lakes Rudolf and Stefanie (See also:London, 1894); A. Donaldson Smith, Through Unknown African Countries (London, 1897) ; A.

H. See also:

Neumann, See also:Elephant-See also:Hunting in East Equatorial Africa (London, 1898) ; L. Vannutelli and C. Citerni, L'Omo (See also:Milan, 1899) ; M. S. Wellby, 'Twixt See also:Sirdar and Menelik (London, 1901); H. H. Austin, Among Swamps and Giants in Equatorial Africa (1902); C. H. See also:Stigand, To Abyssinia through an Unknown Land (191o). (E.

End of Article: RUDOLF (otherwise known as Basso NOROK and Gannon)

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