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CRATER , the cavity at the mouth of a volcanic duct, usually See also:funnel-shaped or presenting the See also:form of a bowl, whence the name, from the Gr. Kpari]p, a bowl. A volcanic See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
hill may have a single crater at, or near, its See also:summit, or it may have several See also:minor craters on its flanks: the latter are sometimes called " See also:adventitious craters " or " craterlets." Much of the loose ejected material, falling in the neighbourhood of the vent, rolls down the inner See also:wall of the crater, and thus produces a stratification with an inward See also:dip. The crater in an active See also:volcano is kept open by intermittent explosions, but in a volcano which has become dormant or See also:extinct the vent may become plugged, and the bowl-shaped cavity may subsequently be filled with See also:water, forming a crater-See also:lake, or as it is called in the See also:Eifel a Maar. In some basaltic cones, like those of the See also:Sandwich Islands, the crater may be a broad shallow See also:- PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)
pit, having almost perpendicular walls, with See also:horizontal stratification. Such hollows are consequently called pit-craters. The name caldera (Sp. for cauldron) was suggested for such pits by Capt. C. E. Dutton, who regarded them as having been formed by subsidence of the walls. The See also:term caldera is often applied to bowl-shaped craters in See also:Spanish-speaking countries.
End of Article: CRATER
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