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SANDWICH , a See also:market See also:town, municipal See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough, and one of the Cinque Ports in the St See also:Augustine's See also:parliamentary See also:division of See also:Kent, See also:England, 12 M. E. of See also:Canterbury, on the See also:South-Eastern & See also:Chatham railway. Pop. (190,), 3170. It is situated 2 M. from the See also:sea, on the See also:river See also:Stour, which is navigable up to the See also:bridge for vessels of 200 tons. The old See also:line of the walls on the See also:land See also:side is marked by a public walk. The See also:Fisher See also:Gate and a gateway called the See also:Barbican are interesting; but the four See also:principal See also:gates were pulled down in the 18th See also:century. St See also:Clement's See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church has a See also:fine See also:Norman central See also:tower, and St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter's (restored), said to date from the reign of See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King See also:John, has interesting See also:medieval monuments. The See also:curfew is still See also:rung at St Peter's. A See also:grammar school was founded by See also:Sir See also:Roger Manwood in 1564, but the existing school buildings are See also:modern. There are three See also:ancient hospitals; St See also:Bartholomew's has a fine See also:Early See also:English See also:chapel of the 12th century. The See also:establishment of the railway and of the St See also:George's See also:golf links (1886) rescued Sandwich from the decay into which it had fallen in the earlier See also:part of the lgth century. The links are among the finest in England.
Richborough See also:Castle, 14 m. N. of Sandwich, is one of the finest See also:relics of See also:Roman See also:Britain. It was called Rutupiae, and guarded one of the harbours for See also:continental See also:traffic in Roman times, and was in the 4th century a fort of the See also:coast See also:defence along the Saxon See also:shore.
The situation of Sandwich on the Wantsum, once a navigable channel for See also:ships See also:bound for See also:London, made it a famous See also:port in the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of the See also:Saxons, who probably settled here when the sea receded from the Roman port of Richborough. In 973 See also:Edgar granted the See also:harbour and town to the monastery of See also:Christ Church, Canterbury, and at the time of the Domesday Survey Sandwich supplied 40,000 See also:herrings each See also:year to the monks. As one of the Cinque Ports, Sandwich owed a service of five ships to the king, and shared the privileges granted to the Cinque Ports from thereign of See also:Edward the See also:Confessor onwards. At the end of the 13th century the monks granted the borough, with certain reservations, to See also:Queen Eleanor; a further See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
grant of their rights was made to Edward III. in 1364, the See also:crown being thenceforward See also:lord of the borough. A See also:charter of See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry II. confirmed the customs and rights which Sandwich had previously enjoyed, and this charter was confirmed by John in 1205, by Edward II. in 1313 and by Edward III. in 1365. The town was a borough by See also:prescription, and was governed in the 13th century by a See also:mayor and jurats; a mayor was elected as early as 1226. The governing charter until 1835 was that granted by See also:Charles II. in 1684. During the See also:middle ages Sandwich was one of the See also:chief ports for the See also:continent, but as the sea gradually receded and the passage of the Wantsum became choked with See also:sand the port began to decay, and by the time of See also:Elizabeth the harbour was nearly useless. In her reign See also:Walloons settled here and introduced the manufacture of woollen goods and the cultivation of vegetables; this saved the borough from sinking into unimportance. Three fairs to be held at Sandwich were granted to Queen Eleanor in 1290; Henry VII, granted two fairs on the 7th of See also:February and the 5th of See also:June, each to last for See also:thirty days, and in the governing charter two fairs, on the 1st of See also:April and See also:tin 1st of See also:October, were granted; these all seem to have died out before the end of the 18th century. A See also:corn market on Wednesday and a See also:cattle market on every alternate See also:Monday are now held. Representatives from the Cinque Ports were first summoned to See also:parliament in 1265; the first returns for Sandwich are for 1366, after which it returned two members until it was disfranchised in 1885. Sandwich is governed by a mayor, 4 See also:alder-men and 12 councillors. See also:Area, 707 acres.
See W. Boys, Collections for See also:History of Sandwich (1792) ; E. Hasted, History of Kent (1778—1799); See also:Victoria See also:County History (Kent).
End of Article: SANDWICH
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