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See also:FISHER, See also:JOHN See also:ARBUTHNOT FISHER, 1ST See also:BARON (1841-
), See also:British See also:admiral, was See also:born on the 25th of See also:January 1841, and entered the See also:navy in See also:June 1854. He served in the Baltic during the See also:Crimean See also:War, and was engaged as See also:midshipman on the " Highflyer," " Chesapeake " and " Furious," in the See also:Chinese War, in the operations required by the occupations of See also:Canton, and of the Peiho forts in 1859. He became sub-See also:lieutenant on the 25th of January 1860, and lieutenant on the 4th of See also:November of the same See also:year. The cessation of See also:naval See also:wars, at least of wars at See also:sea in which the British navy had to take a See also:part, after 1860, allowed few See also:officers to gain distinction by actual services against the enemy. But they were provided with other ways of proving their ability by the sweeping revolution which transformed the construction, the armament, and the methods of propulsion of all the navies of the See also:world, and with them the once accepted methods of combat. Lieutenant Fisher began his career as a commissioned officer in the year after the launching of the See also:French " Gloire " had set going the See also:long See also:duel in construction between guns and See also:armour. He See also:early made his See also:mark as a student of gunnery, and was promoted See also:commander on the 2nd of See also:August 1869, and See also:post-See also:captain on the 30th of See also:October 1874. In this See also:rank he was chosen to serve as See also:president of the See also:committee appointed to revise " The Gunnery See also:Manual of the See also:Fleet." It was his already established reputation which pointed Captain Fisher out for the command of H.M.S. " Inflexible," a See also:vessel.. which, as the representative of a type, had supplied See also:matter for much discussion. As captain of the " Inflexible " he took part in the' See also:bombardment of See also:Alexandria (11th See also:July 1882). The engagement was not arduous in itself, having been carried out against forts of inferior construction, indifferently armed, and' worse garrisoned, but it supplied an opportunity for a display of gunnery, and it was conspicuous in the midst of a long naval See also:peace. The " Inflexible " took a prominent part in the See also:action, and her captain had the command of the naval See also:brigade landed in Alexandria, where he adapted the ironclad See also:train and commanded it in various skirmishes with the enemy. After the See also:Egyptian See also:campaign, he was, in See also:succession, director of Naval' See also:Ordnance aril Torpedoes (from October ,886 to May 1891); A.D.C. to See also:Queen See also:Victoria (18th June, 1887, to 2nd August 1890, at which date he became See also:rear-admiral) ; admiral See also:superintendent of See also:Portsmouth dockyard (1891 to 1892); a See also:lord See also:commissioner of the navy and See also:comptroller of the navy (1892 to 1897), and See also:vice-admiral (8th May 1896); commander-in-See also:chief on the See also:North See also:American and See also:West See also:Indian station (1897). In 1899 he acted as naval See also:expert at the See also:Hague Peace See also:Conference, and on the 1st of July 1899 was appointed commander-in-chief in the. Mediterranean. From the Mediterranean command, Admiral' Fisher passed again to the See also:admiralty as second sea lord in 1902, and became commander-in-chief at Portsmouth on the 31st of August 1903, from which post he passed to that of first sea lord. Besides holding the See also:foreign Khedivial and Osmanieh orders, he was created K.C.B. in 1894 and G.C.B. in 1902. As' first sea lord, during the years 1903-1909, See also:Sir John Fisher had a predominant See also:influence in all the far-reaching new See also:measures of naval development and See also:internal reform; and he was also one of the committee,, known as Lord See also:Esher's committee, appointed in 1904 to See also:report on the measures necessary to be taken to Out the See also:administration and organization of the British See also:army on a See also:sound footing. The changes in naval administration made
under him were hotly canvassed among critics, who charged him with autocratic methods, and in 1906–1909 with undue subservience to the See also:government's See also:desire for See also:economy; and whatever the efficiency of his own methods at the admiralty, the fact was undeniable that for the first See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time for very many years the navy suffered, as a service, from the party-spirit which was aroused. It was notorious that Admiral Lord See also:Charles See also:Beresford in particular was acutely hostile to Sir John Fisher's administration; and on his retirement in the See also:spring of 1909 from the position of commander-in-chief of the Channel fleet, he put his charges and complaints before the government, and an inquiry was held by a small committee under the See also:Prime See also:Minister. Its report, published in August, was in favour of the Admiralty, though it encouraged the belief that some important suggestions as to the organization of a naval " See also:general See also:staff " would take effect. On the 9th of November Sir John Fisher was created a peer as Baron Fisher of Kilverstone, See also:Norfolk. He retired from the Admiralty in January 1910.
End of Article: FISHER, JOHN ARBUTHNOT FISHER, 1ST BARON
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