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See also:ARBUTHNOT, See also:JOHN (1667-1735) , See also:British physician and author, was See also:born at Arbuthnott, See also:Kincardineshire, and baptized on the 29th of See also:April 1667. His See also:father, See also:Alexander Arbuthnot, was an episcopalian See also:minister who was deprived of his living in 1689 by his See also:patron, See also:Viscount Arbuthnott, for refusing to See also:con-See also:form to the Presbyterian See also:system. After his See also:death, in 1691, John went to See also:London, where he lived in the See also:house of a learned See also:linen-See also:draper, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Pate, and supported himself by teaching See also:mathematics. In 1692 he published Of the See also:Laws of See also:Chance . . , based on the Latin version, De Ratociniis in ludo aleae, of a Dutch See also:treatise by Christiaan See also:Huygens. In 1692 he entered University See also:College, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, as a See also:fellow-commoner, acting as private See also:tutor to See also:Edward Jefferys; and in 1696 he graduated M.D. at St See also:Andrews university. In An Examination of Dr See also:Woodward's See also:Account of the See also:Deluge (1697) he confuted an extraordinary theory advanced by Dr William Woodward. An See also:Essay on the Usefulness of Mathematical Learning followed in 1701, and in 1704 See also:lie became a fellow of the Royal Society. He had the See also:good See also:fortune to be called in at See also:Epsom to prescribe for See also:Prince See also:George of See also:Denmark, and in 1705 he was made physician extraordinary to See also:Queen See also:Anne. Four years later he became royal physician in See also:ordinary, and in 1710 he was elected fellow of the Royal College of Physicians. Arbuthnot's ready wit and varied learning made him very valuable to the Tory party. He was a See also:close friend of See also:Jonathan See also:Swift and of Alexander See also:Pope, and See also:Lord See also:Chesterfield says that even the generous See also:acknowledgment they made of his assistance See also:fell See also:short of their real indebtedness. He had no See also:jealousy of his fame as an author, and his abundant See also:imagination was always
at the service of his See also:friends. In 1712 appeared " See also:Law is a Bottomless See also:- PIT (O. E. pytt, cognate with Du. put, Ger. Pfutze, &c., all ultimately adaptations of Lat. puteus, well, formed from root pu-, to cleanse, whence gurus, clean, pure)
Pit, Exemplify'd in the See also:case of the Lord See also:Strutt, John See also:Bull, See also:Nicholas See also:Frog and See also:Lewis See also:Baboon, who spent all they had in a law-suit. Printed from a See also:Manuscript found in the See also:Cabinet of the famous See also:Sir See also:Humphrey Polesworth." This was the first of a See also:series of five See also:pamphlets advocating the conclusion of See also:peace. Arbuthnot describes the confusion after the death of the Lord Strutt (See also:Charles II. of See also:Spain), and the quarrels between the greedy tradespeople (the See also:allies). These put their cause into the hands of the See also:attorney, Humphrey See also:Hocus (the See also:duke of See also:Marl-See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough), who does all he can to prolong the struggle. The five tracts are printed in two parts as the " See also:History of John Bull " in the Miscellanies in See also:Prose and See also:Verse (1727, See also:preface signed by Pope and Swift). Arbuthnot fixed the popular conception of John Bull, though it is not certain that he originated the See also:character, and the lively See also:satire is still amusing See also:reading. It was often asserted at the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time that Swift wrote these pamphlets, but both he and Pope refer to Arbuthnot as the See also:sole author. In the autumn of the same See also:year he published a second satire, " Proposals for See also:printing a very Curious Discourse in Two Volumes in See also:Quarto, entitled, NI/suboXcryla HoXwruo ; or, A Treatise of the See also:Art of See also:Political Lying," best known by its sub-See also:title. This ironical piece of See also:work was not so popular as " John Bull." " 'Tis very See also:pretty," says Swift, " but not so obvious to be understood." Arbuthnot advises that a lie should not be contradicted by the truth, but by another judicious lie. " So there was not See also:long ago a See also:gentleman, who affirmed that the treaty with See also:France for bringing popery and See also:slavery into See also:England was signed the 15th of See also:September, to which another answered very judiciously, not by opposing truth to his lie, that there was no such treaty; but that, to his certain knowledge, there were many things in that treaty not yet adjusted."
Arbuthnot was one of the leading See also:spirits in the Scriblerus See also:Club, the members of which were to collaborate in a universal satire on the abuses of learning. The See also:Memoirs of the extraordinary See also:Life, See also:Works, and Discoveries of Martinus Scriblerus, ,of which only the first See also:book was finished, first printed in Pope's Works (1741), was chiefly the work of Arbuthnot, who is at his best in the whimsical account of the See also:birth and See also:education of See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin. Swift, See also:writing on the 3rd of See also:July 1714 to Arbuthnot, says:—" To talk of Martin in any hands but yours, is a folly. You every See also:day give better hints than all of us together could do in a twelve-See also:month: and to say the truth, Pope who first thought of the hint has no See also:genius at all to it, to my mind; See also:Gay is too See also:young: See also:Parnell has some ideas of it, but is idle; I could put together, and See also:lard, and strike out well enough, but all that relates to the sciences must be from you."
The death of Queen Anne put an end to Arbuthnot's position at See also:court, but he still had an extensive practice, and in 1727 he delivered the Harveian oration before the Royal College of Physicians. Lord Chesterfield and William Pulteney were his patients and friends; also Mrs See also:Howard (See also:Lady See also:Suffolk) and William See also:Congreve. His friendship with Swift was See also:constant and intimate; he was friend and adviser to Gay; and Pope wrote (2nd of See also:August 1734) that in a friendship of twenty years he had found no one See also:reason of complaint from him. Arbuthnot's youngest son, who had just completed his education, died in See also:December 1931. He never quite recovered his former spirits and See also:health after this See also:shock. On the 17th of July 1734 he wrote to Pope: " A recovery in my case, and at my See also:age, is impossible; the kindest wish of my friends is Euthanasia." In See also:January 1735 was published the " See also:Epistle to Dr Arbuthnot," which forms the See also:prologue to Pope's satires. He died on the 27th of See also:February 1735 at his house in See also:Cork See also:Street, London.
Among Arbuthnot's other works are:—An See also:Argument for Divine See also:Providence, taken from the constant regularity observed in the Births of both sexes (Phil. Trans. of the Royal See also:Soc., 1710); " Virgilius Restauratus," printed in the second edition of Pope's Dunciad (1729); An Essay concerning the Effects of See also:Air on Human Bodies (1733) ; An Essay concerning the Nature of Ailments . . . (1731); and a valuable Table of See also:Ancient Coins, Weights and See also:Measures (1727), which is an enlargement of an earlier treatise(1705). He had a See also:share in the unsuccessful See also:farce of Three See also:Hours after See also:Marriage, printed with Gay's name on the title-See also:page (1717). Some pieces printed in A Supplement to Dr Swift's and Mr Pope's Works . . . ,1739) are there asserted to be Arbuthnot's. The See also:Miscellaneous Works of the See also:late Dr Arbuthnot were published at See also:Glasgow in an unauthorized edition in 1751. This includes many See also:spurious pieces.
See The Life and Works of John Arbuthnot (1892), by George A. Aitken.
End of Article: ARBUTHNOT, JOHN (1667-1735)
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