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See also:CONGREVE, See also:SIR See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
WILLIAM , See also:Bart. (1772–1828), See also:British artillerist and inventor, was See also:born on the loth of May 1772, being the eldest son of See also:Lieutenant-See also:General Sir William Congreve (d. 1814), See also:comptroller of the Royal Laboratory at See also:Woolwich, who was made a See also:baronet in 1812. He was educated at Singlewell school, See also:Kent, and (1788–1793) at Trinity See also:College, See also:Cambridge, taking the degrees of B.A. in 1793 and M.A. in 1795. In the latter See also:year he entered the See also:Middle See also:Temple, and up to 18o8 he lived in See also:Garden See also:Court, at first studying See also:law, later editing a See also:political newspaper, and in the end devoting himself to the development of the See also:war See also:rocket, for which he is chiefly remembered. Through his See also:father he enjoyed many opportunities of experimenting with See also:artillery material, and finally in 1805 he was able to demonstrate to the See also:prince See also:regent, See also:Pitt and others the uses of the new weapon. In 18o5 he accompanied Sir See also:Sidney See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith in a See also:naval attack on the See also:French flotilla at See also:Boulogne, but the See also:weather prevented the use of rockets. In another attack on Boulogne in 18o6, however, the Congreve rockets, which were fired in salvos from boats of See also:special construction, were very effectual, and in 1807, 18o8 and 1809 they were employed with excellent results on See also:land and afloat at the See also:siege of See also:Copenhagen, in See also:Lord See also:Gambier's fight in the Basque Roads and in the Walcheren expedition. Congreve himself was See also:present in all these affairs. In 1810 or 1811 he became See also:equerry to the prince regent, with whom he was a See also:great favourite, and in 1811 he was elected a See also:fellow of the Royal Society; in the same year he at last received military See also:rank, being gazetted lieutenant-See also:colonel in the Hanoverian artillery. In 1812 he became member of See also:parliament for Gatton. In 1813, at the See also:request of the See also:admiralty, he designed a new See also:gun for the armament of frigates, which was adopted and very favourably reported on. In the same year the newly formed "Rocket See also:Troop" of the Royal Artillery was sent to serve with the See also:Allies in See also:Germany, and this troop rendered excellent service at the See also:battle of See also:Leipzig, where its See also:commander See also:Captain See also:Bogue was killed. In recognition of their services Congreve was shortly afterwards decorated by the sovereigns of See also:Russia and See also:Sweden. Many years later the Congreve rocket was superseded by See also:Hale's, which had no stick.
In 1814, on the See also:death of his father, Colonel Congreve succeeded to the baronetcy and also to the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office of comptroller of the Royal Laboratory. He also became inspector of military See also:machines, but his Hanoverian See also:commission did not (it seems) entitle him to command troops of the Royal Artillery, and there was a certain amount of See also:friction and See also:jealousy between Congreve and the Royal Artillery See also:officers. During the visit of the allied sovereigns to See also:London in this year, Congreve arranged the fetes and especially the pyrotechnic displays which the prince regent gave in their See also:honour. In 1817 he became See also:senior equerry to the prince and a K.H., and in 1818 See also:major-general d la See also:suite of the Hanoverian See also:army. In 182o Sir William Congreve was elected M.P. for See also:Plymouth (for which See also:constituency he sat until his death), and in the following year, at the See also:coronation of See also:George IV. (whose senior equerry he remained), he arranged a great pyrotechnic display in See also:Hyde See also:Park. In his later years Congreve took a prominent See also:part in various See also:industrial ventures, such as See also:gas companies, which, however, were for the most part unsuccessful. He died at See also:Toulouse on the 16th of May 1828.
Congreve was an ingenious and versatile See also:man of See also:science. Besides the war rocket he invented a gun-recoil mounting, a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time-See also:fuze, a See also:parachute See also:attachment to the rocket, a hydro-pneumatic See also:canal See also:lock and sluice (1813), a perpetual See also:motion See also:machine (see PERPETUAL MOTION), a See also:process of See also:colour See also:printing (1821) which was widely used in Germany, a new See also:form of See also:steam-See also:engine, and a method of consuming See also:smoke (which was applied at the Royal Laboratory); he also took out See also:patents for a See also:clock in which time was measured by a See also:ball See also:rolling on an inclined
See also:plane; for protecting buildings against See also:fire; See also:inlaying and combining metals; unforgeable See also:bank-See also:note See also:paper; a method of killing whales by means of rockets; improvements in the manufacture of See also:gunpowder; stereotype plates; See also:fireworks; gas meters, &c. The first friction matches made in See also:England (1827) were named after him by their inventor, See also:John See also:- WALKER, FRANCIS AMASA (1840-1897)
- WALKER, FREDERICK (184o--1875)
- WALKER, GEORGE (c. 1618-169o)
- WALKER, HENRY OLIVER (1843— )
- WALKER, HORATIO (1858– )
- WALKER, JOHN (1732—1807)
- WALKER, OBADIAH (1616-1699)
- WALKER, ROBERT (d. c. 1658)
- WALKER, ROBERT JAMES (1801-1869)
- WALKER, SEARS COOK (1805—1853)
- WALKER, THOMAS (1784—1836)
- WALKER, WILLIAM (1824-1860)
Walker. He published a number of See also:works, including three See also:treatises on The Congreve Rocket See also:System (1807, 1817 and 1821; the last was translated into See also:German, See also:Weimar, 1829); An Elementary See also:Treatise on the Mounting of Naval See also:Ordnance (1812); A Description of the Hydropneumatical Lock (1815); A New Principle of Steam-Engine (1819); Resumption of See also:Cash Payments (1819); Systems of Currency (1819), &c.
See Colonel J. R. J. Jocelyn in See also:Journal of the Royal Artillery, vol. 32, No. I1, and See also:sources therein referred to. The See also:account in the See also:Dictionary of See also:National See also:Biography is very inaccurate.
End of Article: CONGREVE, SIR WILLIAM
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