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CAMERON, SIMON (1799-1889)

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Originally appearing in Volume V05, Page 109 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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CAMERON, See also:SIMON (1799-1889) , See also:American politician, was See also:born in See also:Lancaster See also:county, See also:Pennsylvania, on the 8th of See also:March 1799. See also:Left an See also:orphan at the See also:age of nine, he See also:early entered journalism, and, in banking and railway enterprises, accumulated a considerable See also:fortune. He became influential in Pennsylvania politics, and in 1845–1849 served in the See also:United States See also:Senate, being elected by a See also:combination of Democratic, Whig and " American " votes to succeed See also:James See also:Buchanan. In 1854, having failed to secure the nomination for senator from the "Know-Nothing" Party, which he had recently joined, he became a See also:leader of the " See also:People's Party," as the Republican Party was at first called in Pennsylvania. In 1857 he was elected to the United States Senate as a Republican, despite a Democratic See also:majority in the See also:state legislature, a fact that gave rise to charges of See also:bribery. His prominence as a See also:candidate first for the presidential and then for the See also:vice-presidential nomination in the Republican See also:national See also:convention of 186o led to his being selected by See also:President See also:Lincoln as secretary of See also:war. His See also:administration of this See also:office at a See also:critical See also:time was marked by his accustomed See also:energy, but unfortunately also by partiality in the letting of See also:government contracts, which brought about his resignation at Lincoln's See also:request in See also:January 1862 and his subsequent censure by the See also:House of Representatives. Lincoln sent him as See also:minister to See also:Russia, but he returned in See also:November 1862. He again served in the Senate (after 1872, being chairman of the See also:committee on See also:foreign relations) from 1867 until 1877, when he resigned to make See also:room for his son, whose See also:election he dictated. Cameron was one of the ablest See also:political organizers the United States has ever known, and his See also:long undisputed See also:control of Pennsylvania politics was one of the most striking examples of " See also:boss See also:rule " in American See also:history. The See also:definition of an honest politician as " one who when he is bought will stay bought " has been attributed to him. He died on the 26th of See also:June 1889.

His son JAMES DONALD CAMERON (1833– ) was born at See also:

Middletown, Pennsylvania, on the 14th of May 1833, graduated at See also:Princeton in 1852, became actively interested in his See also:father's banking and railway enterprises, and from 1863 to 1874 was president of the See also:Northern Central railway. Trained in the political school of his father, he See also:developed into an astute politician. From June 1876 to March 1877 he was secretary of war in President See also:Grant's See also:cabinet. In the Republican national convention of 1876 he took an influential See also:part in preventing the nomination of James G. See also:Blaine, and later was one of those who directed the policy of the Republicans in the struggle for the See also:presidency between See also:Tilden and See also:Hayes. From 1877 until 1897 he was a member of the United States Senate, having been elected originally to succeed his father, who resigned in See also:order to create the vacancy. He was chairman of the Republican national committee during the See also:campaign of 1880.

End of Article: CAMERON, SIMON (1799-1889)

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CAMERON, VERNEY LOVETT (1844–1894)