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See also:BLAINE, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES See also:GILLESPIE (1830-1893) , See also:American states-See also:man, was See also:born in See also:West See also:Brownsville, See also:Pennsylvania, on the 31st of See also:January 183o, of sturdy Scottish-Irish stock on the See also:side of his See also:father. He was the See also:great-See also:grandson of See also:Colonel See also:Ephraim Blaine(1741-1804), who during the See also:War of See also:Independence served in the American See also:army, from 1778 to 1782 as See also:commissary-See also:general of the See also:Northern See also:Department. With many See also:early evidences of See also:literary capacity and See also:political aptitude, J. G. Blaine graduated at See also:Washington See also:College in Washington, Pennsylvania, in 1847, and subsequently taught successively in the Military See also:Institute, See also:Georgetown, See also:Kentucky, and in the Institution for the See also:Blind at See also:Philadelphia. During this See also:period, also, he studied See also:law. Settling in See also:Augusta, See also:Maine, in 1854, he became editor of the Kennebec See also:Journal, and subsequently of the See also:Portland Advertiser. But his editorial See also:work was soon abandoned for a more active public career. He was elected to the See also:lower See also:house of the See also:state legislature in 1858, and served four years, the last two as See also:speaker. He also became chairman of the Republican state See also:committee in 1859, and for more than twenty years personally directed every See also:campaign of his party.
In 1862 he was elected to See also:Congress, serving in the House thirteen years (See also:December 1863 to December 1876), followed by a little over four years in the See also:Senate. He was chosen speaker of the House in 1869 and served three terms. The House was the See also:fit See also:arena for his political and See also:parliamentary ability. He was a ready and powerful debater, full of resource, and dexterous in controversy. The tempestuous politics of the war and reconstruction period suited his aggressive nature and constructive See also:- TALENT (Lat. talentum, adaptation of Gr. TaXavrov, balance, ! Recollections of a First Visit to the Alps (1841); Vacation Rambles weight, from root raX-, to lift, as in rXi vac, to bear, 1-aXas, and Thoughts, comprising recollections of three Continental
talent. The See also:measures for the rehabilitation of the states that had seceded from the See also:Union occupied the See also:chief See also:attention of Congress for several years, and Blaine See also:bore a leading See also:part in framing and discussing them. The See also:primary question related to the basis of See also:representation upon which they should be restored to their full See also:rank in the political See also:system. A powerful See also:section contended that the basis should be the See also:body of legal voters, on the ground that the See also:South could not then secure an increment of political See also:power' on See also:account of the emancipated blacks unless these blacks were admitted to political rights. Blaine, on the other See also:hand, See also:con-tended that representation should be based on See also:population instead of voters, as being fairer to the See also:North, where the ratio of voters varied widely, and he insisted that it should be safeguarded by. See also:security for impartial See also:suffrage. This view prevailed, and the Fourteenth See also:Amendment to the Constitution was substantially Blaine's proposition. In the same spirit he opposed a See also:- SCHEME (Lat. schema, Gr. oxfjya, figure, form, from the root axe, seen in exeiv, to have, hold, to be of such shape, form, &c.)
scheme of military governments for the See also:southern states, unless associated with a See also:plan by which, upon the See also:acceptance of prescribed conditions, they could See also:release themselves from military See also:rule and resume See also:civil See also:government. He was the first in Congress to oppose the claim, which gained momentary and widespread favour in 1867, that the public See also:debt, pledged in See also:coin, should be paid in See also:greenbacks. The See also:protection of naturalized citizens who, on return to their native See also:land, were subject to See also:prosecution on charges of disloyalty, enlisted his active See also:interest and support, and the agitation, in which he was conspicuous, led to the treaty of 187o between the See also:United States and Great See also:Britain, which placed adopted and native citizens on the same footing.
As the presidential See also:election of 1876 approached, Blaine was clearly the popular favourite of his party. His See also:chance for securing the nomination, however, was materially lessened by persistent charges which were brought against him by the Democrats that as a member of Congress he had been guilty of corruption in his relations with the Little See also:Rock & Fort See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith and the Northern Pacific See also:railways.' By the See also:majority of Republicans, at least, he was considered to have cleared himself completely, and in the Republican See also:national See also:convention he missed by only twenty-eight votes the nomination for See also:president, being finally beaten by a See also:combination of the supporters of all the other candidates. Thereupon he entered the Senate, where his activity was unabated. Currency legislation was especially prominent. Blaine, who had previously opposed greenback inflation now resisted depreciated See also:silver coinage. He was the See also:earnest See also:champion of the See also:advancement of American See also:shipping, and advocated liberal subsidies, insisting that the policy of protection should be applied on See also:sea as well as on land. The Republican national
' This attack led to a dramatic See also:scene in the House, in which Blaine fervidly asseverated his denial.
convention of 188o, divided between the two nearly equal forces of Blaine and General U. S. Grant—John See also:Sherman of See also:Ohio also having a considerable following—struggled through See also:thirty-six ballots, when the See also:friends of Blaine, combining with those of Sherman, succeeded in nominating General James A. See also:Garfield. In the new See also:administration Blaine became secretary of state, but, owing to the assassination of President Garfield and the re-organization of the See also:cabinet by President See also:Chester A. See also:Arthur, he held the See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office only until December 1881.
His brief service was distinguished by several notable steps. In See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to promote the friendly understanding and co-operation of the nations on the American continents he projected a See also:Pan-American congress, which, after being arranged for, was frustrated by his retirement. He also sought to secure a modification of the See also:Clayton-Bulwer treaty, and in an extended See also:correspondence with the See also:British government strongly asserted the policy of an exclusive American See also:control of any isthmian See also:canal which might be built to connect the See also:Atlantic and Pacific oceans.
With undiminished hold on the See also:imagination and devotion of his followers he was nominated for president in 1884. After a heated See also:canvass, in which he made a See also:series of brilliant speeches, he was beaten by a narrow margin in New See also:York. By many, including Blaine himself, the defeat was attributed to the effect of a phrase, " See also:Rum, Romanism and See also:Rebellion," used by a clergyman, Rev. See also:Samuel D. Burchard (1812–1891), on the 29th of See also:October 1884, in Blaine's presence, to characterize what, in his' See also:opinion, the Democratic party stood for. The phrase was not Blaine's, but his opponents made use of it to misrepresent his attitude toward the See also:Roman Catholics, large See also:numbers of whom are supposed, in consequence, to have withdrawn their support. Refusing to be a presidential See also:candidate in 1888, he became secretary of state under President See also:Harrison, and resumed his work which had been interrupted nearly eight years before. The Pan-American congress, then projected, now met in Washington, and Blaine, as its See also:master spirit, presided over and guided its deliberation through its session of five months. Its most important conclusions were for See also:reciprocity in See also:trade, a See also:continental railway and compulsory See also:arbitration in See also:international complications. Shaping the See also:tariff legislation for this policy, Blaine negotiated a large number of reciprocity See also:treaties which augmented the See also:commerce of his See also:country. He upheld American rights in See also:Samoa, pursued a vigorous See also:diplomacy with See also:Italy over the lynching of eleven Italians, all except three of them American naturalized citizens, in New See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans on the 14th of May 1891, held a See also:firm attitude during the strained relations between the United States and See also:Chile (growing largely out of the killing and wounding of American sailors of the U.S. See also:ship " See also:Baltimore " by Chileans in See also:Valparaiso on the 16th of October 1891), and carried on with Great Britain a resolute controversy over the See also:seal See also:fisheries of See also:Bering Sea,— a difference afterwards settled by arbitration. He resigned on the 4th of See also:June 1892, on the See also:eve of the See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting of the Republican national convention, wherein his name was ineffectually used, and he died at Washington, D.C., on the 27th of January 1893.
During his later years of leisure he wrote Twenty Years of Congress (1884–1886), a brilliant See also:historical work in two volumes. Of singularly alert faculties, with a remarkable knowledge of the men and See also:history of his country, and an extraordinary memory, his masterful talent for politics and state-See also:craft, together with his captivating manner and engaging See also:personality, gave him, for nearly two decades, an unrivalled hold upon the fealty and See also:affection of his party.
See the See also:Biography of James G. Blaine (See also:Norwich, See also:Conn., 1895) by See also:Mary See also:Abigail See also:Dodge (" See also:Gail See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton"), and, in the " American Statesmen Series," James G. Blaine (See also:Boston, 1905) by C. E. Stan-See also:wood; also Mrs Blaine's Letters (1908). (C. E.
End of Article: BLAINE, JAMES GILLESPIE (1830-1893)
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