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See also:PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF , an See also:American institution twenty-four trustees, of which the See also:governor of Pennsylvania is ex-officio See also:president. The directing See also:head of the university, and the head of the university See also:faculty and of the faculty of each See also:department is the See also:provost—a See also:title rarely used in American See also:universities; the provost is president See also:pro tempore of the See also:board of trustees.
In 1908-1909 the university had 454 See also:officers of instruction, of whom 220 were in the See also:college and 157 in the department
(See also:Philadelphia, 18o1 sqq. and See also:Harrisburg, 1802 sqq.) ; and The Statutes at Large of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1896 sqq.), published under an See also:act of 1887. Some valuable See also:information is to be found in B. A. and M. L. Hinsdale, See also:History and See also:Civil See also:Government of Pennsylvania ... (See also:Chicago, 1899) ; and in the various See also:editions of Smull's Legislative Handbook and See also:Manual. For the history of penal and charitable institutions, see the See also:Annual Reports of the Board of Commissioners of Public Charities (Harrisburg, 1871 sqq.); the Annual Reports of the See also:Committee on Lunacy (Harrisburg, 1883 sqq.) ; and See also:Amos H. Mylin, Penal and Charitable Institutions of Pennsylvania (2 vols., Harrisburg, 1897), an See also:official publication, well written and handsomely illustrated. For educational history, see N. C. Schaeffer, The See also:Common School See also:Laws of Pennsylvania (Harrisburg, 1904) ; B. A. Hinsdale, Documents Illustrative of American Educational History (See also:Washington, 1895) ; and J. P. Wickersham, History of See also:Education in Pennsylvania (See also:Lancaster, 1886), one of the best See also:state histories of education. For See also:finance and banking, see the annual reports of the state treasurer, auditor-See also:general, sinking fund commissioners, and the See also:commissioner of banking, all published at Harrisburg; An See also:Historical See also:Sketch of the See also:Paper See also:Money of Pennsylvania, by a member of the Numismatic Society of Philadelphia (Philadelphia, 1862) ; and B. M. See also:Mead,
A Brief See also:Review of the See also:Financial History of Pennsylvania. .. to the See also:Present See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
Time (1682-1881) (Harrisburg, 1881).
The only See also:complete history of the entire See also:period is See also:Howard M.
See also:Jenkins, et al., Pennsylvania, Colonial and Federal (3 vols., Philadelphia, 1903). This is especially valuable for the detailed histories of gubernatorial administrations from 1790 to 1903. The third See also:volume contains useful chapters on education, the judiciary, the medical profession, journalism, military affairs, See also:internal improvements, &c. S. G. See also:Fisher, Pennsylvania, See also:Colony and See also:Commonwealth (Philadelphia, 1897) contains the best See also:short See also:account of the colonial and revolutionary history, but it gives only a very brief See also:summary of the period since 1783. W. R. Shepherd, History of Proprietary Government in Pennsylvania (New See also:York, 1896), a detailed study of the proprietary from the See also:political, governmental and territorial points of view, is scholarly, and gives a See also:good account of the boundary disputes with See also:Maryland, See also:Virginia, New York and See also:Connecticut. Among the older See also:standard See also:works are Samual See also:Hazard, See also:Annals .of Pennsylvania from the See also:Discovery of the See also:Delaware, 1609-1682 (Phila-
delphia, 185o), an elaborate account of the See also:early Dutch and See also:Swedish, settlements on the Delaware See also:river and See also:bay; and See also:Robert Proud,
History of the Pennsylvania from 1681 until after the See also:year 1742 (2 vols.,
Philadelphia, 1797-1798), written from the Quaker standpoint. For early See also:literary history, see M. K. See also:Jackson, Outline of the Literary History of Colonial Pennsylvania (New York, 1908). W. H. Egle, Illustrated History of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania (See also:Harris-
See also:burg, 1877), contains trustworthy histories of individual counties by various writers. J. B. McMaster and F. D. See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
Stone, Pennsylvania and the Federal Constitution, 1787-1788 (Philadelphia, 1888), is a useful See also:work. For the See also:anti-Masonic See also:movement, see See also:Charles McCarthy, The Anti-Masonic Party (Washington, 1903). S. G. Fisher, The Making of Pennsylvania (Philadelphia, 1896), See also:introductory to the same author's Colony and Commonwealth, is an interesting study of the various nationalities and religions represented among the settlers of the state. For the period of Quaker predominance (1681-1756), see See also:Isaac Sharpless, History of Quaker Government in Pennsylvania (2 vols., Philadelphia, 1898-1899).
See also J. See also:- TAYLOR
- TAYLOR, ANN (1782-1866)
- TAYLOR, BAYARD (1825–1878)
- TAYLOR, BROOK (1685–1731)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1787-1865)
- TAYLOR, ISAAC (1829-1901)
- TAYLOR, JEREMY (1613-1667)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (158o-1653)
- TAYLOR, JOHN (1704-1766)
- TAYLOR, JOSEPH (c. 1586-c. 1653)
- TAYLOR, MICHAEL ANGELO (1757–1834)
- TAYLOR, NATHANIEL WILLIAM (1786-1858)
- TAYLOR, PHILIP MEADOWS (1808–1876)
- TAYLOR, ROWLAND (d. 1555)
- TAYLOR, SIR HENRY (1800-1886)
- TAYLOR, THOMAS (1758-1835)
- TAYLOR, TOM (1817-1880)
- TAYLOR, WILLIAM (1765-1836)
- TAYLOR, ZACHARY (1784-1850)
Taylor See also:- HAMILTON
- HAMILTON (GRAND or ASHUANIPI)
- HAMILTON, ALEXANDER (1757-1804)
- HAMILTON, ANTHONY, or ANTOINE (1646-1720)
- HAMILTON, ELIZABETH (1758–1816)
- HAMILTON, EMMA, LADY (c. 1765-1815)
- HAMILTON, JAMES (1769-1831)
- HAMILTON, JAMES HAMILTON, 1ST DUKE OF (1606-1649)
- HAMILTON, JOHN (c. 1511–1571)
- HAMILTON, MARQUESSES AND DUKES OF
- HAMILTON, PATRICK (1504-1528)
- HAMILTON, ROBERT (1743-1829)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM (1730-1803)
- HAMILTON, SIR WILLIAM ROWAN (1805-1865)
- HAMILTON, THOMAS (1789-1842)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM (1704-1754)
- HAMILTON, WILLIAM GERARD (1729-1796)
Hamilton's " History of the Moravian See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church " (See also:Nazareth, Pa., 1900), vol. vi. of the Transactions of the Moravian
Historical Society; Proceedings and Addresses of the Pennsylvania
See also:German Society, vols. vii. and viii. (See also:Reading, 1897-1898) ; J. F. Sachse, German Pietists of Provincial Pennsylvania, 1694-1708 (Philadelphia, 1895), and German Sectarians of Pennsylvania, 1708-1800
(2 vols., Philadelphia, 1899-1901). The See also:chief See also:sources are the Pennsylvania Archives (first See also:series, 12 vols., Philadelphia, 1852-1856; second series, 19 vols., Harrisburg, 1874-1893; and third series, 4 vols., Harrisburg, 1894-1895) ; Colonial Records, 1683-1790 (16 vols., Philadelphia, 1852); and See also:Samuel Hazard, See also:Register of Pennsylvania (16 vols., Philadelphia, 1828-1836). The Pennsylvania Historical Society, organized in Philadelphia in 1825, has published 14 vols. of See also:Memoirs (1826-1895), a Bulletin of 13 See also:numbers (1845-1847), one volume of Collections (1853), and the Pennsylvania See also:Magazine of History and See also:Biography, a Quarterly
(1877 sqq.). There is a good account of the public archives, both printed and See also:manuscript, in the first See also:report of the Public Archives See also:Commission of the American Historical Association, published in vol. ii. of the annual report of the association for the year 1900 (Washington, 1901).
of higher learning, in Philadelphia, occupying about 6o acres, near the See also:west See also:bank of the Schuylkill river, See also:north-See also:east of the Philadelphia See also:Hospital, east of 39th See also:Street, See also:south-east of Woodland See also:Avenue, and south of See also:Chestnut Street. In this irregular See also:area are all the buildings except the See also:Flower Astronomical See also:Observatory (1896), which is 2 M. beyond the See also:city limits on the West See also:Chester See also:Pike. The northernmost
of See also:medicine, and an enrolment of 4570 students, of whom 2989 I the college in See also:England about £6goo; and in 1764 his See also:influence were in the college (412 in the school of arts; 987 in the Towne had become so strong that it was feared that the college would become sectarian. The Penns and others deprecated this and the trustees See also:bound themselves (1764) to " use their utmost endeavours that . . . (the See also:original See also:plan) be not narrowed, nor the members of the Church of England, nor those dissenting from them . . . be put on any worse footing in this See also:seminary than they were at the time of receiving the royal brief." From See also:September 1777 to See also:June 1778 college exercises were not held because Philadelphia was occupied by See also:British troops. In 1779 the state legislature, on the ground that the trustees' See also:declaration in 1764 was a " narrowing of the See also:foundation," 1 confiscated the rights and See also:property of the college and chartered a new See also:corporation " the Trustees of the University of the State of Pennsylvania "; in 1789 the college was restored to its rights and property and See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith again became its provost; in 1791 the college and the university of the State of Pennsylvania were See also:united under the title, " the University of Pennsylvania," whose trustees were elected from their own members by the board of trustees of the college and that of the university. In 1802 the university See also:purchased new grounds on Ninth Street, between See also:Market and Chestnut, where the See also:post See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office See also:building now is; there until 1829 the university occupied the building erected for the administrative See also:mansion of the president of the United States; there new buildings were erected after 1829; and from these the university removed to its present site in 1872.
The provosts have been: in 1755-1779 and in 1789-1803, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Smith; in 1779-1791, of the university of the state of Pennsylvania, See also:John See also:Ewing (1732-1802); in 1807-1810, John McDowell (1750-1820); in 1810—1813,John See also:Andrews (1746-1813); in 1813-1828, See also:Frederick Beasley (1777-1845); in 1828-1833, William See also:Heathcote De Lancey (1797-1865); in 1834-1853, John See also:Ludlow (1793-1857); in 18J4-1859, See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry Vethake (1792-1866) ; in 186o-1868, See also:Daniel Raynes See also:Goodwin (1811-189o) ; in 1868-188o, Charles Janeway Stille (1819-1899); in 1881-1894, William See also:Pepper (1843-1898); in 1894-191o, Charles Custis See also:Harrison (b. 1844), and in 1911 sqq. See also:Edgar Fahs Smith (b. 1856).
scientific school; 472 in the See also:Wharton school, and 253 in the evening school of accounts and finance; 384 in courses for teachers; and 481 in the summer school), 353 in the See also:graduate school, 327 in the department of See also:law, 559 in the department of medicine, 385 in the department of See also:dentistry, and 150 in the department of veterinary medicine.
In See also:August 1907 the excess of the university's See also:assets over its liabilities was $13,239,408 and the donations for the year were $305,814. A very large proportion of the university's investments is in real See also:estate, especially in Philadelphia. In 1907 the See also:total value of real estate (including the university buildings) was $6,829,154; and See also:libraries, museums, apparatus and See also:furniture were valued at $2,025,357. Students' tuition fees vary from $150 to $too a year in the college; and are $16o in the department of law, $200 in the department of medicine, $15o in the department of dentistry and $See also:loo in the department of veterinary See also:science. The income from tuition fees in 1906—1907 was $458,396; the payments for " educational salaries " amounted to $433,311, and for " See also:administration salaries " to $135,314.
The university publishes the following series: Astronomical Series (1899 sqq.); Contributions from the Botanical Laboratory (1892 sqq.) ; Contributions from the Laboratory of See also:Hygiene (1898 sqq.) ; Contributions from the Zoological Laboratory 893 sqq.); Series in History (1901 sqq.); Series in See also:Mathematics (1897 sqq.); Series in See also:Philology and Literature (1891 sqq.); Series in Romanic See also:Languages and Literatures (1907 sqq.); Series in See also:Philosophy (1890 sqq.); Series in Political See also:Economy and Public Law (1885 sqq.) ; The American Law Register (1852 sqq.); The University of Pennsylvania Medical Bulletin (1888 sqq.) ; Transactions of the Department of See also:Archaeology (19o4 sqq.) ; the See also:Journal of See also:Morphology (1887 ,sqq.) ; and Transactions and Proceedings of the Botanical Society of lfennsylvania (1897 sqq.). There are also occasional publications by institutes and departments connected with the university. Student publications include: a daily, The Pennsylvanian (1885); the weekly, Old See also:Penn (1902); a comic monthly, The See also:Punch Bowl; a literary monthly, The Red and See also:Blue; a quarterly of the department of dentistry, The Penn Dental Journal; an annual, The See also:Record; and The Alumni Register (1896), a monthly.
See also:Benjamin See also:Franklin in 1749 published a pamphlet, entitled Proposals See also:Relating to the Education of Youth in Pensilvania, which led to the formation of a board of twenty-four trustees, nineteen of whom, on the 13th of See also:November 1749, met for organization and to promote " the Publick See also:Academy in the City of Philadelphia," and elected Benjamin Franklin president of the board, an office which he held until 1756. So closely was Franklin identified with the plan that See also:Matthew See also:Arnold called the institution " the University of Franklin." On the 1st of See also:February 1750 there was conveyed to this board of trustees the " New Building " on See also:Fourth Street, near See also:Arch, which had been erected in 1740 for a charity school—a use to which it had not been put—and as a " See also:house of Publick See also:Worship," in which See also:George See also:Whitefield had preached in November 1740; the original trustees (including Franklin) of the " New Building " and of its projected charity school date from 1740, and therefore the university attaches to its See also:seal the words " founded 1740." In the " New Building " the academy was opened on the 7th of See also:January 1751, the city having voted £200 in the preceding August for the completion of the building. On the 16th of September 1751 a charitable school " for the instruction of poor See also:Children gratis in Reading, See also:Writing, and Arithmetick " was opened in the " New Building." The proprietaries, See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas and See also:Richard Penn, incorporated " The Trustees of the Academy and Charitable School in the See also:Province of Pennsylvania " in 17J3; and in 1755 issued a confirmatory See also:charter, changing the corporate name to " The Trustees of the College, Academy and Charitable School," &c., whereupon William Smith (1727-1803) of the university of See also:Aberdeen, who had become See also:rector of the academy in 1752 and had taken orders in the Church of England in 1753, became provost of the college. In 1756 Dr Smith established a complete and liberal curriculum which was adopted by See also:Bishop See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Madison in 1777 when he became president of the College of William and See also:Mary. In 1757 the first college class graduated. Under Smith's See also:control the Latin school See also:grew in importance at the expense of the See also:English school, to the See also:great annoyance of Franklin. In 1762-1764 Dr Smith collected for
See T. H. See also:Montgomery, A History of the University of Pennsylvania from its Foundation to A.D. 2770 (Philadelphia, 1900) ; George B. See also:Wood, Early History of the University of Pennsylvania (3rd ed., ibid., 1896) ; J. B. McMaster, The University of Pennsylvania (ibid. 1897) ; G. E. Nitzsche, Official See also:Guide to the University of Pennsylvania (ibid., 1906); and See also:Edward P. Cheyney, " University of Pennsylvania," in vol. i. of Universities and their Sons (See also:Boston, 1901).
End of Article: PENNSYLVANIA, UNIVERSITY OF
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