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See also:WHITEFIELD, .See also:GEORGE (17x4-1770), See also:English religious
See also:leader, was See also:born on the r6th of See also:December 1714 at the See also:- BELL
- BELL, ALEXANDER MELVILLE (1819—1905)
- BELL, ANDREW (1753—1832)
- BELL, GEORGE JOSEPH (1770-1843)
- BELL, HENRY (1767-1830)
- BELL, HENRY GLASSFORD (1803-1874)
- BELL, JACOB (1810-1859)
- BELL, JOHN (1691-178o)
- BELL, JOHN (1763-1820)
- BELL, JOHN (1797-1869)
- BELL, ROBERT (1800-1867)
- BELL, SIR CHARLES (1774—1842)
Bell See also:Inn, See also:Gloucester, of which his See also:father was landlord. At about twelve years of See also:age he was sent to the school of St See also:Mary de See also:Crypt, Gloucester, where he See also:developed some skill in elocution and a See also:taste for See also:reading plays, a circumstance which probably had considerable See also:influence on his subsequent career. At the age of fifteen he was taken from school to assist his See also:mother in the public-See also:house, and for a See also:year and a See also:half was a See also:common drawer. He then again returned to school to prepare for the university, and in 1733 entered as a servitor at See also:Pembroke See also:College, See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, graduating in 1736. There he came under the influence of the Methodists (see See also:WESLEY), and entered so enthusiastically into their practices and habits that he was attacked by a severe illness, which compelled him to return to his native See also:town. His enthusiastic piety attracted the See also:notice of See also:- MARTIN (Martinus)
- MARTIN, BON LOUIS HENRI (1810-1883)
- MARTIN, CLAUD (1735-1800)
- MARTIN, FRANCOIS XAVIER (1762-1846)
- MARTIN, HOMER DODGE (1836-1897)
- MARTIN, JOHN (1789-1854)
- MARTIN, LUTHER (1748-1826)
- MARTIN, SIR THEODORE (1816-1909)
- MARTIN, SIR WILLIAM FANSHAWE (1801–1895)
- MARTIN, ST (c. 316-400)
- MARTIN, WILLIAM (1767-1810)
Martin See also:Benson, See also:bishop of Gloucester, who ordained him See also:deacon on the loth of See also:June 1736. He then began an evangelizing tour in See also:Bath, See also:Bristol and other towns, his eloquence at once attracting immense multitudes.
In 1736 he was invited by Wesley to go out as missionary toGeorgia, and went to See also:London to wait on the trustees. Before setting See also:sail he preached in some of the See also:principal London churches, and. in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to hear him, crowds assembled at the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church doors See also:long before daybreak. On the 28th of December 1737 he em-barked for See also:Georgia, which he reached on the 7th of May 1738. After three months' See also:residence there he returned to See also:England to receive See also:priest's orders, and to raise contributions for the See also:establishment of an orphanage. As the See also:clergy did not welcome him to their pulpits, he began to preach in the open See also:air. At See also:Kings-See also:wood See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill, Bristol, his addresses to the colliers soon attracted crowds, and his See also:voice was so clear and powerful that it could reach 20,000 folk. His fervour and dramatic See also:action.held them spell-See also:bound, and his homely pathos soon See also:broke down all barriers of resistance. " The first See also:discovery of their being affected," he says, " was by seeing the See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
white gutters made by their tears, which plentifully See also:fell down their See also:black cheeks." In 1738 an See also:account of Whitefield's voyage from Lcndon to Georgia was published with-out his knowledge. In 1739 he published his See also:Journal from his arrival in See also:Savannah to his return to London, and also his Journal from his arrival in London to his departure thence on his way to Georgia. As his embarkation was further delayed for ten See also:weeks he published A Continuation of the Rev. Mr Whitefield's Journal during the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
Time he was delayed in England by the See also:Embargo. His unfavourable reception in England by the clergy led him to make See also:reprisals. To See also:Joseph Trapp's attack on the Methodists he published in 1739 A Preservative against Unsettled Notions, in which the clergy of the Church of England were denounced with some bitterness; he also published shortly afterwards The Spirit and See also:Doctrine and Lives of our See also:Modern Clergy, and a reply to a See also:pastoral See also:letter of the bishop of London in which he had been attacked. In the same year appeared Sermons on Various Subjects (2 vols.), the Church See also:Companion, or Sermons on Several Subjects, and a recommendatory See also:epistle to the See also:Life of See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Halyburton. He again embarked for See also:America in See also:August 1739, and remained there two years, See also:preaching in all the principal towns. He See also:left his incumbency of Savannah to a See also:lay delegate and the See also:commissary's See also:court at See also:Charleston suspended him for ceremonial irregularities. While there he published Three Letters from Mr Whitefield, in which he referred to the " See also:mystery of iniquity " in See also:Tillotson, and asserted that that divine knew no more of See also:Christ than See also:Mahomet did.
During his See also:absence from England Whitefield found that a divergence of doctrine from Calvinism had been introduced by Wesley; and notwithstanding Wesley's exhortations to brotherly kindness and forbearance he withdrew from the Wesleyan connexion. Thereupon his See also:friends built for him near Wesley's church a wooden structure, which was named the Moorfields See also:Tabernacle. A reconciliation between the two See also:great evangelists was soon effected, but each thenceforth went his own way. In 1741, on the invitation of See also:Ralph and Ebenezer See also:Erskine, he paid a .visit to See also:Scotland, commencing his labours in the See also:Secession See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting-house, See also:Dunfermline. But, as he refused to limit his ministrations to one See also:sect, the Seceders and he parted See also:company, and without their countenance he made a tour through the principal towns of Scotland, the authorities of which in most instances presented him with the freedom of the See also:burgh, in token of their estimate of the benefits to the community resulting from his preaching. From Scotland he went to See also:Wales, where on the 14th of See also:November he married a widow named See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James. The See also:marriage was not a happy one. On his return to London in 1742 he preached to the crowds in Moorfields during the Whitsun holidays with such effect as to attract nearly all the See also:people from the shows. After a second visit to Scotland, June-See also:October 1742 (where at See also:Cambuslang in particular he wielded a great spiritual influence), and a tour through England and Wales, 1742-1744, he embarked in August 1744 for America, where he remained till June 1748. On returning to London he found his See also:congregation at the Tabernacle dispersed; and his circumstances were so depressed that he was obliged to sell his See also:household See also:furniture to pay his See also:orphan-house debts. See also:Relief soon came through his acquaintance with Selina, countess of See also:Huntingdon (q.v.), Who appointed him one of her chaplains.
The See also:remainder of Whitefield's life was spent chiefly in evangelizing See also:tours in Great See also:Britain, See also:Ireland and America. It has been stated that " in the See also:compass of a single See also:week, and that for years, he spoke in See also:general See also:forty See also:hours, and in very many sixty, and that to thousands." In 1748 the synods of See also:Glasgow, See also:Perth and See also:Lothian passed vain resolutions intended to exclude him from churches; in 1753 he compiled his hymn-See also:book, and in 1756 opened the See also:chapel which still bears his name in See also:Tottenham Court Road. On his return from America. to England for the last time the See also:change in his See also:appearance forcibly impressed Wesley, who wrote in his Journal: " He seemed to be an old See also:man, being fairly worn out in his See also:Master's service, though he had hardly seen fifty years." When See also:health was failing him he placed himself on what he called " See also:short See also:allowance," preaching only once every week-See also:day and thrice on See also:Sunday. In 1769 he returned to America for the seventh and last time, and arranged for the See also:conversion of his orphanage into See also:Bethesda College, which was burned down in 1773. He was now affected by a severe asthmatic complaint; but to those who advised him to take some See also:rest, he answered, " I had rather See also:wear out than See also:rust out." He died on the 3oth of See also:September 1770 at See also:Newburyport, See also:Massachusetts, where he had arrived on the previous evening with the intention of preaching next day. In accordance with his own See also:desire he was buried before the See also:pulpit in the Presbyterian church of the town where he died.
Whitefield's printed See also:works convey a totally inadequate See also:idea of his oratorical See also:powers, and are all in fact below mediocrity. They appeared in a collected See also:form in 1771–1772 in seven volumes, the last containing See also:Memoirs of his Life, by Dr See also:John See also:Gillies. His Letters (1734–1770) were comprised in vols. i., ii. and iii. of his Works and were also published separately. His Select Works, with a memoir by J See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith, appeared in 1850. See Lives by See also:Robert See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip (1837), L. Tverman (2 vols., 187E-1877), J. P. Gledstone (1871, new ed. 1900), and W. H. See also:Lecky's See also:History of England, vol. ii.
End of Article: WHITEFIELD,
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