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SAVANNAH , a See also:city, a See also:port of entry, and the See also:county-seat of See also:Chatham county, See also:Georgia, U.S.A., on the right (See also:south) See also:bank of the Savannah See also:river, about 18 m. from the See also:Atlantic Ocean. Pop. (1890) 43,189; (1900) 54,244, of whom 28,090 were negroes and 3434 were See also:foreign-See also:born; (1910, See also:census) 65,064. It is served by the Atlantic See also:Coast See also:Line, the Central of Georgia, the See also:Southern, and other See also:railways; by river steamers to See also:Augusta; by coastwise steamers to See also:Baltimore, See also:Philadelphia, New See also:York and See also:Boston; and by transatlantic steamers to See also:European ports.
The city is situated on a See also:plateau some 40 ft. above the Savannah river and covers about 6.3 sq. m. Savannah owes its See also:regular See also:form, with streets intersecting each other at right angles, to See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Edward See also:Oglethorpe, its founder, but the monotony is slightly relieved by 42 small parks and squares, whose See also:total See also:area is 166.79 acres. The larger parks are the Daffin, the Colonial, on Oglethorpe See also:Avenue (formerly South Broad See also:Street), and Forsyth, on Gaston Street, with See also:fine tropical and semi-tropical See also:flora. The smaller parks or squares are mostly in five See also:series parallel to the Savannah river. On See also:account of the large number of its shade trees Savannah has been called the " See also:Forest City." Bonaventure See also:Cemetery, about 4 M. See also:east of the city, has avenues of fine live-oaks, draped with See also:Spanish See also:moss. In the See also:principal commercial street, See also:Bay Street, are the new City See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
Hall (1906), on the site of the old City Hall built in 1779, the See also:Custom See also:House, completed in 1850, the See also:Cotton See also:Exchange, and a See also:granite seat marking the spot where Oglethorpe first pitched his See also:tent; and in See also:Bull Street, a fashionable See also:promenade, named in See also:honour of See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William Bull (1683-1755), a military officer who aided Oglethorpe in his survey of the city, are Chatham See also:Academy, a See also:marble See also:post-See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office See also:building, the county See also:court house, and the Savannah See also:theatre (established in 1818, remodelled in 1895, rebuilt in 1906), one of the See also:oldest playhouses in the See also:United States. In See also:- JOHNSON, ANDREW
- JOHNSON, ANDREW (1808–1875)
- JOHNSON, BENJAMIN (c. 1665-1742)
- JOHNSON, EASTMAN (1824–1906)
- JOHNSON, REVERDY (1796–1876)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD (1573–1659 ?)
- JOHNSON, RICHARD MENTOR (1781–1850)
- JOHNSON, SAMUEL (1709-1784)
- JOHNSON, SIR THOMAS (1664-1729)
- JOHNSON, SIR WILLIAM (1715–1774)
- JOHNSON, THOMAS
Johnson Square, a little south of the City Hall and Custom House, stands a See also:plain dignified See also:monument, in the See also:design of a See also:Roman See also:sword, erected in 1829 in memory of See also:General See also:Nathanael See also:Greene, to whom a See also:tract of See also:land near Savannah was given by See also:Congress in recognition of his service in the See also:War of See also:American See also:Independence, and who was buried in a vault in the old cemetery in South Broad Street (now Oglethorpe Avenue) ; his remains were transferred to the monument in 1900. In See also:Monterey Square there is a monument and statue by the See also:German sculptor See also:Robert See also:Eberhard Launitz (1806-1870), in honour of See also:Count Casimir See also:Pulaski, who was mortally wounded during the See also:siege of Savannah in 1779. The corner-stones of these monuments were laid by General La Fayette in 1825. In See also:Madison Square, See also:north of Monterey Square, there is a monument to Sergeant William See also:Jasper (1750-1779), a See also:hero of the War of Independence, who replaced the fallen See also:colours on Fort See also:Moultrie in the See also:face of a galling See also:fire during the See also:battle of See also:Charleston See also:Harbour (See also:June 28th, 1776), rescued a See also:band of American prisoners from See also:British See also:guards at Jasper See also:Spring, 2 M. from Savannah, and was fatally wounded during the siege of the city in 1779. In Chippewa Square there is a bust of See also:Major-General See also:Lafayette McLaws (1821–1897). The Ladies' Memorial Association erected a Confederate Soldiers Monument in the " See also:Parade Ground," which forms an See also:extension to Forsyth See also:Park, in the south central See also:part of the city; and in honour of Tomochichi, an See also:Indian See also:chief who was the staunch friend of the See also:early settlers, a large granite See also:boulder has been placed in See also:Wright Square, where he was buried. At the corner of See also:- ANDERSON
- ANDERSON, ADAM (1692—1765)
- ANDERSON, ALEXANDER (c. 1582-1620?)
- ANDERSON, ELIZABETH GARRETT (1836— )
- ANDERSON, JAMES (1662—1728)
- ANDERSON, JAMES (1739-1808)
- ANDERSON, JOHN (1726-1796)
- ANDERSON, MARY (1859– )
- ANDERSON, RICHARD HENRY (1821–1879)
- ANDERSON, ROBERT (1750–1830)
- ANDERSON, SIR EDMUND (1530-1605)
Anderson and Bull Streets there is a memorial to Major-General See also:Alexander Robert Lawton (1818–1896), See also:state senator in 1854–1861, who seized Fort Pulaski in 1861 upon the See also:governor's orders, served through the See also:Civil War in the Confederate See also:Army, and was U.S. See also:minister to See also:Austria-See also:Hungary in 1887-1889.
Since the See also:founding of Georgia as a See also:bulwark against the Spaniards and See also:French, Savannah has had an ardent See also:martial spirit, and there are five military organizations—the Chatham See also:Artillery, formed in 1786, one of the oldest military companies in the United States; the Savannah Volunteer Guards, organized in 1802 as an See also:infantry See also:corps, now a coast artillery corps of four companies; the Georgia Hussars, formed after the War of 1812 by the consolidation of two other companies; the First Volunteer See also:Regiment of Georgia, composed of five companies, organized respectively in 18o8, 1843, 1846, 1860 and 1861, and a See also:division of See also:naval See also:militia organized in 1895. The most prominent clubs are the Oglethorpe, the Guards, the Hussars and the Harmonie. Among the See also:pleasure resorts in the vicinity are Tybee See also:Island, at the mouth of the Savannah river, a popular bathing resort, and Thunderbolt, Isle of See also:Hope, See also:- WHITE
- WHITE, ANDREW DICKSON (1832– )
- WHITE, GILBERT (1720–1793)
- WHITE, HENRY KIRKE (1785-1806)
- WHITE, HUGH LAWSON (1773-1840)
- WHITE, JOSEPH BLANCO (1775-1841)
- WHITE, RICHARD GRANT (1822-1885)
- WHITE, ROBERT (1645-1704)
- WHITE, SIR GEORGE STUART (1835– )
- WHITE, SIR THOMAS (1492-1567)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM ARTHUR (1824--1891)
- WHITE, SIR WILLIAM HENRY (1845– )
- WHITE, THOMAS (1628-1698)
- WHITE, THOMAS (c. 1550-1624)
White See also:Bluff and See also:Montgomery, distant 5 m., 6 m., 8 m. and 9 M. respectively.
Among the religious corporations in Savannah, the oldest is See also:Christ See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church, whost first building was erected in 1740–1750 and whose See also:present edifice was built in 1838. Its third See also:rector was See also:John See also:Wesley, who is said to have established a See also:Sunday School (still in existence) in Savannah almost See also:half a See also:century before Robert See also:Raikes established such a school in See also:England. The first See also:African Baptist Church, organized in 1788, is the oldest religious society of negroes in the United States. The See also:Convent of St See also:Vincent de See also:Paul was founded in 1842 ; the See also:Cathedral of St John the Baptist was dedicated in 1876, was destroyed by fire in 1898, but was subsequently rebuilt; and a Jewish See also:synagogue was erected in 1878. Savannah is the see of a Roman See also:Catholic and of a See also:Protestant Episcopal See also:bishop. There are several hospitals and charitable institutions in or near Savannah, including the See also:Bethesda See also:Orphan See also:Asylum, about 8 m. from the city, founded by See also:George See also:Whitefield in 1740 and now owned by the See also:Union Society, and the Savannah See also:Female Asylum (1750). In 1885 the Tel-See also:fair Academy of Arts and Sciences (near Telfair Square or Telfair See also:Place), endowed by See also:Miss See also:Mary Telfair, was opened; in its collections are Wilhelm von See also:Kaulbach's " See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter Arbues of Epila " and See also:Joseph von Brandt's " Ein Gefecht." The Georgia See also:Historical Society,• organized in 1839 and in 1847 united with the Savannah Library Society, has a handsome building (See also:Hodgson Hall) at the intersection of See also:Whitaker and Gaston Streets, and a library of about 35,000 volumes; it published six volumes of Collections between 184o and 1904. The Georgia See also:Industrial See also:College (1890), for negroes, is near the city. The Chatham Academy was chartered and endowed with some of the confiscated See also:property of See also:Loyalists in 1788.
Savannah harbour has permanent seacoast defences, and is the most important Atlantic seaport south of Baltimore. The port is nearer the See also:Panama See also:Canal than either New See also:- ORLEANS
- ORLEANS, CHARLES, DUKE OF (1391-1465)
- ORLEANS, DUKES OF
- ORLEANS, FERDINAND PHILIP LOUIS CHARLES HENRY, DUKE OF (1810-1842)
- ORLEANS, HENRI, PRINCE
- ORLEANS, HENRIETTA, DUCHESS
- ORLEANS, JEAN BAPTISTE GASTON, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE JOSEPH
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE ROBERT, DUKE
- ORLEANS, LOUIS PHILIPPE, DUKE OF (1725–1785)
- ORLEANS, LOUIS, DUKE OF (1372–1407)
- ORLEANS, PHILIP I
- ORLEANS, PHILIP II
Orleans or See also:Galveston; and after the completion of harbour improvements by the United States See also:government, begun in 1902, the See also:depth of the river from its mouth to the city was 28 ft. There are See also:great wharves and piers on the See also:water front; more than 4 m. of wharves are occupied by railway terminals. In 1909 Savannah's exports were valued at $66,932,973; its imports at $2,664,079. Of the exports naval stores See also:rank first, Savannah being first among the See also:world markets of naval stores; cotton comes second, but the relative position of the city as a cotton centre has declined because of the greater increase in that of Galveston and New Orleans. Other important exports are fertilizers, See also:rice and See also:lumber. Savannah is the business and See also:shipping centre of the surrounding See also:fruit and See also:truck growing See also:country; The principal manufactures are fertilizers and cars, and, of less importance, lumber and planing-See also:- MILL
- MILL (O. Eng. mylen, later myln, or miln, adapted from the late Lat. molina, cf. Fr. moulin, from Lat. mola, a mill, molere, to grind; from the same root, mol, is derived " meal;" the word appears in other Teutonic languages, cf. Du. molen, Ger. muhle)
- MILL, JAMES (1773-1836)
- MILL, JOHN (c. 1645–1707)
- MILL, JOHN STUART (1806-1873)
mill products, and foundry and See also:machine-See also:shop products.
The city's rice-See also:mills and cotton compresses are commonly visited by tourists. The total value of the city's factory products in 1905 was $6,340,004 (69.1 % more than in 1900).
The city government is vested in a See also:council, consisting of a See also:mayor and twelve aldermen, elected for two years in See also:January of See also:odd-numbered years; the council's committees See also:act as heads of several of the administrative departments; the mayor is See also:head of the See also:police; and the council appoints other city See also:officers. The See also:board of aldermen may pass a measure by a two-thirds See also:vote over the mayor's See also:veto. The city board of See also:education was incorporated in 1866 and took over the See also:powers of the board of education of Chatham county; it is self-perpetuating and practically non-See also:partisan. A See also:free school had been established as early as 1816. In 1909 the assessed value of real See also:estate was $35,147,580 and of See also:personal property $12,828,673, and the bonded See also:debt was $2,701,050 ($218,050 due in 1913 and $2,483,000 due in 1959); the See also:rate of See also:taxation was $1.39 per $See also:IOO.
The first European See also:settlement in Georgia was made at Savannah in See also:February 1733 by James Edward Oglethorpe. Among the early inhabitants were See also:Charles and John Wesley, who arrived in 1735, but returned to England in 1736 and 1737 respectively, a.nd George Whitefield, who lived in Savannah in 1738 and 1740. Savannah was the seat of government of Georgia until the See also:capture of the city by the British in 1778. Here, on the 1st of January 1755, met the first legislature of Georgia. In the years preceding the War of Independence the See also:political issues excited much partisanship. Riots almost completely prevented the See also:execution of the See also:Stamp Act, and the stamps were reloaded on the See also:ship that brought them to Savannah. In 1769 the merchants agreed not to import any articles mentioned in the See also:Townshend Acts of 1767.
On the 18th of January 1775 the first Provincial Congress was convened here; on the See also:night of the 11th of May the See also:powder See also:magazine was robbed of all its See also:ammunition, part of which was sent to Boston and, according to tradition, was used at Bunker See also:- HILL
- HILL (0. Eng. hyll; cf. Low Ger. hull, Mid. Dutch hul, allied to Lat. celsus, high, collis, hill, &c.)
- HILL, A
- HILL, AARON (1685-175o)
- HILL, AMBROSE POWELL
- HILL, DANIEL HARVEY (1821-1889)
- HILL, DAVID BENNETT (1843–1910)
- HILL, GEORGE BIRKBECK NORMAN (1835-1903)
- HILL, JAMES J
- HILL, JOHN (c. 1716-1775)
- HILL, MATTHEW DAVENPORT (1792-1872)
- HILL, OCTAVIA (1838– )
- HILL, ROWLAND (1744–1833)
- HILL, SIR ROWLAND (1795-1879)
Hill; and on the 22nd of June the See also:people of the city elected a Council of Safety. On the 4th of See also:July the same Provincial Congress again met, and soon the royal See also:administration collapsed. Probably the first naval capture of the War of Independence way made off Tybee Island on the loth of July, when a See also:schooner,
See also:SAVARY
the first See also:vessel chartered by the See also:Continental Congress, seized a British ship and its See also:cargo of 14,000 lb of powder. Yet the Loyalists were strong in Savannah, and many families were divided among themselves.
In See also:October 1776–February 1777 the See also:convention which framed the first constitution of Georgia was held in Savannah, and the first state legislature assembled here in May 1778; but the British captured the city on the 29th of See also:December in that See also:year, and the seat of the state government was then transferred to Augusta. In 1779 Savannah was unsuccessfully besieged by a French See also:fleet under See also:Comte d'See also:Estaing and land forces under General See also:Benjamin See also:Lincoln, but in May 1782 it was evacuated after a See also:short siege by General See also:Anthony See also:Wayne. It once more became the See also:capital, but in 1783 the seat of the state government was again transferred to Augusta. Savannah soon became the commercial See also:rival of Charleston, South Carolina. It was chartered as a city in 1789. As early as 1817 the Savannah Steamboat See also:Company, which ran a steamer to Charleston, was organized, and in 1819 the " Savannah," the first vessel fitted with See also:steam-engines to See also:cross the Atlantic; owned by Savannah capitalists but built in the North, sailed from Savannah to See also:Liverpool in 25 days. In 1861 the state convention which adopted the See also:ordinance of See also:secession met in Savannah. A See also:blockade of the port was instituted by the Federal government in 1861, and on the 12th of December 1862 Fort Pulaski (on Cockspur Island, at the mouth of the Savannah river), which commanded the channel, and had been seized by the state at the outbreak of the war, was forced to surrender. Savannah was the See also:objective of General W. T. See also:Sherman's " See also:march to the See also:sea," and on the 21st of December 1804 surrendered to him after futile opposition by General William J. See also:Hardee (1818–1873) with a force very inferior in See also:numbers. The city limits were extended in 1879, 1883 and 1901.
End of Article: SAVANNAH
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