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See also:TOWNSHEND, See also:CHARLES TOWNSHEND, 2ND See also:VISCOUNT (1674-1738) , See also:English statesman, was the eldest son of See also:Sir Horatio Townshend, See also:Bart. (c. 163o-1687), a zealous supporter of Charles II., who was created See also:Baron Townshend in 1661 and Viscount Townshend of Raynham in 1682. The old See also:Norfolk See also:family of Townshend, to which he belonged, is descended from Sir See also:Roger Townshend (d. 1493) of Raynham, who acted as legal adviser to the Paston family, and was made a See also:justice of the See also:common pleas in 1484. His descendant, another Sir Roger Townshend (c. 1543-1590), had a son Sir See also:John Townshend (1564-1603), a soldier, whose son, Sir Roger Townshend (1588-1637), was created a See also:baronet in 1617. He was the See also:father of Sir Horatio Townshend.
Charles Townshend succeeded to the See also:peerage in See also:December 1687, and was educated at See also:Eton and See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
King's See also:College, See also:Cambridge. He had Tory sympathies when he took his seat in the See also:House of Lords, but his views changed, and he began to take an active See also:part in politics as a Whig. For a few years after the See also:accession of See also:Queen See also:Anne he remained without See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office, but in See also:November 1708 he was appointed See also:captain of the yeomen of the guard, having in the previous See also:year been summoned to the privy See also:council. He was See also:ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary to the states-See also:general from 1709 to 1711, taking part during these years in the negotiations which preceded the conclusion of the treaty of See also:Utrecht. After his recall to See also:England he was busily occupied in attacking the proceedings of the new Tory See also:ministry. Townshend quickly won the favour of See also:George I., and in See also:September 1714, the new king selected him as secretary of See also:state for the See also:northern See also:department. The policy of Townshend and his colleagues, after they had crushed the Jacobite rising of 1715, both at See also:home and abroad, was one of See also:peace. The secretary disliked the interference of England in the See also:war between See also:Sweden and See also:Denmark, and he promoted the conclusion of defensive alliances between England and the See also:emperor and England and See also:France. In spite of these successes the See also:influence of the Whigs was gradually undermined by the intrigues of Charles See also:Spencer, See also:earl of See also:Sunderland, and by the discontent of the Hanoverian favourites. In See also:October 1716, Townshend's colleague, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Stanhope, afterwards 1st Earl Stanhope, accompanied the king on his visit to See also:Hanover, and while there he was seduced from his See also:allegiance to his See also:fellow ministers by Sunderland, George being led to believe that Townshend and his See also:brother-in-See also:law, Sir See also:Robert See also:Walpole, were caballing with the See also:prince of See also:Wales, theirintention being that the prince should supplant his father on the See also:throne. Consequently in December 1716 the secretary was dismissed and was made See also:lord-See also:lieutenant of See also:Ireland, but he only retained this See also:post until the following See also:April.
See also:Early in 1720 a partial reconciliation took See also:place between the parties of Stanhope and Townshend, and in See also:June of this year the latter became See also:president of the council, a post which he held until See also:February 1721, when, after the See also:death of Stanhope and the forced retirement of Sunderland, a result of the See also:South See also:Sea bubble, he was again appointed secretary of state for the northern department, with Walpole as first lord of the See also:treasury and See also:chancellor of the See also:exchequer. The two remained in See also:power during the See also:remainder of the reign of George I., the See also:chief domestic events of the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time being the See also:impeachment of See also:Bishop See also:Atterbury, the See also:pardon and partial restoration of Lord See also:Bolingbroke, and the troubles in Ireland caused by the patent permitting See also:Wood to See also:coin halfpence. Townshend secured the dismissal of his See also:rival, John See also:Carteret, afterwards Earl See also:Granville, but soon See also:differences arose between himself and Walpole, and he had some difficulty in steering a course through the troubled sea of See also:European politics. Although disliking him, George II. retained him in office, but the predominance in the ministry passed gradually but surely from him to Walpole. Townshend could not See also:brook this. So See also:long, to use Walpole's witty remark, as the See also:firm was Townshend and Walpole all went well with it, but when the positions were reversed jealousies arose between the partners. Serious differences of See also:opinion concerning the policy to be adopted towards See also:Prussia and in See also:foreign politics generally led to a final rupture in 1730. Failing, owing to Walpole's interference, in his efforts to procure the dismissal of a colleague and his replacement by a See also:personal friend, Townshend retired on the 15th of May 1730. His remaining years were passed at Raynham, where he interested himself in See also:agriculture and was responsible for introducing into England the cultivation of turnips on a large See also:scale and for other improvements of the See also:kind. He died at Raynham on the 21st of June 1738.
Townshend was twice married—first to See also:Elizabeth (d. 1711), daughter of See also:- THOMAS
- THOMAS (c. 1654-1720)
- THOMAS (d. 110o)
- THOMAS, ARTHUR GORING (1850-1892)
- THOMAS, CHARLES LOUIS AMBROISE (1811-1896)
- THOMAS, GEORGE (c. 1756-1802)
- THOMAS, GEORGE HENRY (1816-187o)
- THOMAS, ISAIAH (1749-1831)
- THOMAS, PIERRE (1634-1698)
- THOMAS, SIDNEY GILCHRIST (1850-1885)
- THOMAS, ST
- THOMAS, THEODORE (1835-1905)
- THOMAS, WILLIAM (d. 1554)
Thomas See also:Pelham, 1st Baron Pelham of Laughton, and secondly to Dorothy (d. 1726), See also:sister of Sir Robert Walpole. He had eight sons. The eldest son, Charles, the 3rd viscount (1700-1764), was called to the House of Lords in 1723. The second son, Thomas Townshend (1701-1780), was member of See also:parliament for the university of Cambridge from 1727 to 1774; his only son, Thomas Townshend (1733-1800), who was created Baron See also:Sydney in 1783 and Viscount Sydney in 1789, was a secretary of state and See also:leader of the House of See also:Commons from See also:July 1782 to April 1783, and from December 1783 to June 1789 again a secretary of state, Sydney in New South Wales being named after him; his See also:grandson, John Robert Townshend (18o5-1890), the 3rd viscount, was created Earl Sydney in 1874, the titles becoming See also:extinct at his death. Charles Townshend's eldest son by his second wife was George Townshend (1715-1769), who after serving for many years in the See also:navy, became an See also:admiral in 1765. The third viscount had two sons, George, 1st See also:Marquess Townshend, and Charles Townshend, who are separately noticed.
For the 2nd viscount see W. See also:Coxe, See also:Memoirs of Sir Robert Walpole (1816) ; W. E. H. See also:Lecky, See also:History of England in the' 8th See also:Century (1892); and Earl Stanhope, History of England.
End of Article: TOWNSHEND, CHARLES TOWNSHEND, 2ND VISCOUNT (1674-1738)
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