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GRANVILLE, JOHN CARTERET, EARL (1690-...

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 363 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.

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GRANVILLE
GRANVILLE, GRANVILLE
GRANVILLE, JOHN CARTERET, EARL (1690-1763)

GRANVILLE, See also:
JOHN
JOHN (1167–1216)
JOHN (1290-c. 1320)
JOHN (1296-1346)
JOHN (1371–1419)
JOHN (1468-1532)
JOHN (1801-1873)
JOHN (Heb. llni')
JOHN (ZAPOLYA) (1487-1540)
JOHN, 4TH MARQUESS OF TWEEDDALE (c. 1695-1762)
JOHN, DON (1545-1578)
JOHN, DON (1629–1679)
JOHN, GOSPEL OF ST
JOHN, or HAYS (1513–1571)
JOHN, THE APOSTLE
JOHN, THE EPISTLES OF
JOHN See also:
CARTERET, SIR GEORGE (c. 1610-1680)
CARTERET, See also:
EARL
EARL (1690-1763) , See also:

ENGLISH

English statesman, commonly known by his earlier See also:

TITLE (0. Fr. title, mod. titre, from Lat. titulus)

title as See also:

Lord Carteret, See also:

BORN, IGNAZ, EDLER VON (1742–1791)

born on the 22nd of See also:

APRIL

April 1690, was the son of See also:

George, 1st Lord Carteret, by his See also:

MARRIAGE

marriage with See also:

Grace Granville, daughter of See also:

Sir John Granville, 1st earl of See also:

Bath, and See also:

GREAT

great See also:

GRANDSON (Ger. Grandsee)

grandson of the Elizabethan See also:

ADMIRAL

admiral, Sir See also:

Richard See also:

Grenville, famous for his See also:

DEATH

death in the " Revenge." The See also:

FAMILY

family of Carteret was settled in the Channel Islands, and was of See also:

Norman descent. John Carteret was educated at See also:

Westminster, and at See also:

Christ See also:

Church, See also:

Oxford. See also:

Swift says that " with a singularity scarce to be justified he carried away more See also:

Greek, Latin and See also:

PHILOSOPHY (Gr. gthos, fond of, and vo4 (a, wisdom)

philosophy than properly became a See also:

PERSON, OFFENCES AGAINST THE

person of his See also:

RANK (O.Fr. rant or rent, mod. rang, generally connected with the O.E. and O.H.G. bring, a ring)

rank." Throughout See also:

LIFE

life Carteret not only showed a keen love of the See also:

CLASSICS

classics, but a See also:

TASTE (from Lat. taxare, to touch sharply; tangere, to touch)

taste for, and a knowledge of, See also:

MODERN

modern See also:

LANGUAGES

languages and literatures. He was almost the only Englishman of his See also:

time who knew See also:

German. See also:

HARTE, FRANCIS BRET (1839–1902)

Harte, the author of the Life of Gustavus See also:

ADOLPHUS, JOHN LEYCESTER (1795-1862)

Adolphus, acknowledged the aid which Carteret had given him. On the 17th of See also:

OCTOBER

October 1710 he married at Longleat See also:

LADY (0. Eng. hlaefdige, Mid. Eng. ldfdi, lavedi; the first part of the word is hldf, loaf, bread, as in the corresponding hldford, lord; the second part is usually taken to be from the root dig-, to knead, seen also in " dough "; the sense development fr

Lady Frances See also:

Worsley, See also:

GRAND

grand-daughter of the first See also:

VISCOUNT (through O. Fr. viscomte, mod. vicomte, from Low Lat. vice-comes, cf. Portug. visconde, Ital. visconte)

Viscount See also:

WEYMOUTH

Weymouth. He took his seat in the Lords on the 25th of May 1711. Though his family, on both sides, had been devoted to the See also:

house of See also:

Stuart, Carteret was a steady adherent of the Hanoverian See also:

DYNASTY (Gr. &vvaareta, sovereignty, the position of a hevnori7r, lord, ruler, from SuvaaBay to be able, Suvaµas, power)

dynasty. He was a friend of the Whig leaders See also:

Stanhope and See also:

Sunderland, took a See also:

SHARE (O. Eng. scearu, chiefly in compounds, e.g. land-scearu, a share of land, from sceran to cut; cf. " shear" )

share in defeating the Jacobite See also:

CONSPIRACY (from Lat. conspirare, literally to breathe together, to agree, combine, and especially to form a secret plot)

conspiracy of See also:

BOLINGBROKE, HENRY ST JOHN, VISCOUNT (1678-1751)

Bolingbroke on the death of See also:

Queen See also:

Anne, and supported the passing of the Septennial See also:

ACT (Lat. actus, actum)

Act. Carteret's interests were however in See also:

FOREIGN

foreign, and not in domestic policy. His serious See also:

WORK

work in public life began with his See also:

APPOINTMENT, POWER OF

appointment, See also:

early in 1719, as See also:

AMBASSADOR (also EMBASSADOR, the form sometimes still used in America; from the Fr. ambassadeur, with which compare Ital. ambasciatore and Span. embajador, all variants of the Med. Lat. ambassiator, ambassiator, ambasator, &c., derived from Med. Lat. amba

ambassador to See also:

Sweden. During this and the following See also:

YEAR

year he was employed in saving Sweden from the attacks of See also:

Peter the Great, and in arranging the pacification of the See also:

north.

His efforts were finally successful. During this See also:

period of See also:

DIPLOMATIC

diplomatic work he acquired an exceptional knowledge of the affairs of See also:

EUROPE

Europe, and in particular of See also:

Germany, and displayed great tact and See also:

TEMPER (from Lat. temperare, to mingle or compound in due proportion, to qualify, rule, regulate, to be moderate, formed from tempos, time, fit or due season)

temper in dealing with the See also:

SWEDISH

Swedish See also:

SENATE (Lat. senatus, from root sen-, as in senex, old; the root is the Sanskrit sana, cf. Gr. 'vos; the same element appears in senor, seigneur, seneschal)

senate, with Queen Ulrica, with the See also:

king of See also:

Denmark and See also:

Frederick See also:

William I. of See also:

Prussia. But he was not qualified to hold his own in the intrigues of See also:

court and See also:

PARLIAMENT (Anglo-Lat. parliamentum, Fr. parlement, from parler, to speak)

parliament in See also:

LONDON

London. Named secretary of See also:

state for the See also:

SOUTHERN

southern See also:

DEPARTMENT (Fr. departement, from departir, to separate into parts)

department on his return See also:

home, he soon became helplessly in conflict with the intrigues of See also:

Townshend and Sir See also:

Robert See also:

Walpole. To Walpole, who looked upon every able colleague, or subordinate, as an enemy to be removed, Carteret was exceptionally odious. His capacity to speak German with the king would alone have made Sir Robert detest him. When, therefore, the violent agitation in See also:

Ireland against See also:

Wood's halfpence (see SWIFT, See also:

JONATHAN) made it necessary to replace the See also:

DUKE (corresponding to Fr. duc, Ital. duca, Ger. Herzog)

duke of See also:

Grafton as lord See also:

LIEUTENANT

lieutenant, Carteret was sent to See also:

DUBLIN

Dublin. He landed in Dublin on the 23rd of October 1724, and remained there till 1730. In the first months of his See also:

TENURE (Fr. tenure, from Lat. tenere, to hold)

tenure of See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

office he had to See also:

DEAL

deal with the furious opposition to Wood's halfpence, and to counteract the effect of Swift's See also:

Draper's Letters. The lord lieutenant had a strong See also:

PERSONAL

personal liking for Swift, who was also a friend of Lady Carteret's family. It is highly doubtful whether Carteret could have reconciled his See also:

DUTY (from " due," that which is owing, O. Fr. deu, dil, past participle of devoir; Lat. debere, debitum; cf. " debt ")

duty to the See also:

CROWN

crown with his private friendships, if See also:

government had persisted in endeavouring to force the detested coinage on the Irish See also:

PEOPLE

people. Wood's patent was however withdrawn, and Ireland settled down.

Carteret was a profuse and popular lord lieutenant who pleased both the " English See also:

INTEREST

interest " and the native Irish. He was at all times addicted to lavish hospitality, and according to the testimony of contemporaries was too fond of See also:

BURGUNDY

burgundy. When he returned to London in 1730, Walpole was firmly established as See also:

MASTER (Lat. magister, related to tnagis, more, as the corresponding minister is to minus, less; the English form is due partly to the O. Eng. maegister, and partly to O. Fr. maistre, mod. maitre; cf. Du. meester, Ger. Meister, Ital. maestro)

master of the House of See also:

COMMONS

Commons, and as the trusted See also:

MINISTER (Lat. minister, servant)

minister of King George II. He had the full confidence of Queen See also:

Caroline, whom he prejudiced against Carteret. Till the fall of Walpole in 1742, Carteret could take no share in public affairs except as a See also:

LEADER, BENJAMIN WILLIAMS (1831– )

leader of opposition of the Lords. His brilliant parts were somewhat obscured by his rather erratic conduct, and a certain contempt, partly aristocratic and partly intellectual, for See also:

COMMONPLACE

commonplace men and ways. He endeavoured to please Queen Caroline, who loved literature, and he has the See also:

CREDIT (Lat. credere, to believe)

credit, on See also:

GOOD, JOHN MASON (1764-1827)

good grounds, of having paid the expenses of the first handsome edition of See also:

Don Quixote to please her. But he reluctantly, and most unwisely, allowed himself to be entangled in the scandalous family See also:

QUARREL

quarrel between Frederick, See also:

prince of See also:

WALES (Cymru, Gwalia, Cambria)

Wales, and his parents. Queen Caroline was provoked into classing him and Bolingbroke, as " the two most worthless men of parts in the See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country." Carteret took the popular See also:

side in the outcry against Walpole for not making See also:

war on See also:

Spain. When the War of the See also:

AUSTRIAN

Austrian See also:

SUCCESSION (Lat. successio, from succedere, to follow after)

Succession approached, his sympathies were entirely with Maria See also:

THERESA, ST (1515-1582)

Theresa—mainly on the ground that the fall of the house of See also:

Austria would dangerously increase the See also:

POWER [WILLIAM GRATTAN] TYRONE (1797-1841)

power of See also:

France, even if she gained no See also:

ACCESSION (from Lat. accedere, to go to, to approach)

accession of territory. These views made him welcome to George II., who gladly accepted him as secretary of state in 1742. In 1743 he accompanied the king of Germany, and was See also:

PRESENT

present at the See also:

BATTLE

battle of See also:

DETTINGEN

Dettingen on the 27th of See also:

JUNE

June.

He held the secretaryship till See also:

NOVEMBER (Lat. novem, nine)

November 1744. He succeeded in promoting an agreement between Maria Theresa and Frederick. He under- 363 stood the relations of the See also:

EUROPEAN

European states, and the interests of Great See also:

BRITAIN (Gr. Hperavuml vi7vot, Bperravia; Lat. Britannia, rarely Britannia)

Britain among them. But the defects which had rendered him unable to baffle the intrigues of Walpole made him equally unable to contend with the Pelhams. His support of the king's policy was denounced as subservience to See also:

Hanover. See also:

Pitt called him " an execrable, a See also:

SOLE (Solea)

sole minister who had renounced the See also:

BRITISH

British nation." A few years later Pitt adopted an identical policy, and professed that whatever he knew he had learnt from Carteret. On the 18th of October 1744 Carteret became Earl Granville on the death of his See also:

MOTHER

mother. His first wife died in June 1743 at See also:

ASCHAFFENBURG

Aschaffenburg, and in April 1744 he married Lady See also:

SOPHIA (1630-1714)

Sophia Fermor, daughter of Lord See also:

POMFRET, JOHN (1667-1702)

Pomfret—a fashionable beauty and " reigning See also:

TOAST

toast " of London society, who was younger than his daughters. " The nuptials of our great Quixote and the See also:

FAIR

fair Sophia," and Granville's ostentatious performance of the See also:

PART

part of See also:

LOVER, SAMUEL (1797-1868)

lover, were ridiculed by See also:

HORACE [QuINTus HORATIUS FLACCUS] (65-8 B.C.)

Horace Walpole. The countess Granville died on the 7th of October 1745, leaving one daughter Sophia, who married Lord Shelburne, 1st See also:

MARQUIS

marquis of See also:

Lansdowne. This marriage may have done something to increase Granville's reputation for eccentricity. In See also:

FEBRUARY

February 1746 he allowed himself to be entrapped by the intrigues of the Pelhams into accepting the secretaryship, but resigned in See also:

FORTY

forty-eight See also:

HOURS, CANONICAL

hours.

In June 1751 he became See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the See also:

COUNCIL (Lat. concilium, from cum, together, and the root cal, to call)

council, and was still liked and trusted by the king, but his share in government did not go beyond giving See also:

ADVICE (Fr. avis, from Lat. ad, to, and visum, viewed)

advice, and endeavouring to forward ministerial arrangements. In 1756 he was asked by See also:

Newcastle to become See also:

PRIME, PRIMER AND PRIMING

prime minister as the alternative to Pitt, but Granville, who perfectly understood why the offer was made, declined and supported Pitt. When in October 1761 Pitt, who had See also:

INFORMATION (from Lat. informare, to give shape or form to, to represent, describe)

information of the See also:

SIGNING

signing of the " Family Compact " wished to declare war on Spain, and declared his intention to resign unless his advice was accepted, Granville replied that " the See also:

OPINION (Lat. opinio, from opinari, to think)

opinion of the See also:

MAJORITY (Fr. majorite; Med. Lat. majoritas; Lat. major, greater)

majority (of the See also:

CABINET

Cabinet) must decide." He spoke in complimentary terms of Pitt, but resisted his claim to be considered as a " sole minister " or, in the modern phrase, " a prime minister." Whether he used the words attributed to him in the See also:

ANNUAL

Annual See also:

EXPRESS (through the French from the past participle of the Lat. exprimere, to press out, by transference used of representing objects in painting or sculpture, or of thoughts, &c. in words)

express his meaning. Granville remained in office as president till his death. His last act was to listen while on his death-See also:

bed to the See also:

READING

reading of the preliminaries of the treaty of See also:

Paris. He was so weak that the under-secretary, Robert Wood, author of an See also:

ESSAY, ESSAYIST (Fr. essai, Late Lat. exagium, a weighing or balance; exigere, to examine; the term in general meaning any trial or effort)

essay on The See also:

ORIGINAL

Original See also:

GENIUS (from Lat. genere, gignere)

Genius of See also:

HOMER, WINSLOW (1836-191o)

Homer, would have postponed the business, but Granville said that it " could not See also:

pro-See also:

long his life to neglect his duty," and quoted the speech of See also:

SARPEDON

Sarpedon from Iliad xii. 322-328, repeating the last word (lo/.t&) " with a See also:

CALM

calm and determined resignation." He died in his house in See also:

Arlington See also:

Street, London, on the 22nd of See also:

JANUARY

January 1763. The title of Granville descended to his son Robert, who died without issue in 1776, when the earldom of this creation became See also:

EXTINCT

extinct. A somewhat See also:

PARTISAN, or PARTIZAN

partisan life of Granville was published in 1887, by See also:

ARCHIBALD, 5TH EARL OF DOUGLAS (c. 1391–1439)

Archibald Ballantyne, under the title of Lord Carteret, a See also:

POLITICAL

Political See also:

BIOGRAPHY (from the Gr. (3ios, life, and yp&4 , writing)

Biography.

End of Article: GRANVILLE, JOHN CARTERET, EARL (1690-1763)

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