|
LYCAON , in See also:Greek See also:mythology, son of Pelasgus, the mythical first See also:- KING
- KING (O. Eng. cyning, abbreviated into cyng, cing; cf. O. H. G. chun- kuning, chun- kunig, M.H.G. kiinic, kiinec, kiinc, Mod. Ger. Konig, O. Norse konungr, kongr, Swed. konung, kung)
- KING [OF OCKHAM], PETER KING, 1ST BARON (1669-1734)
- KING, CHARLES WILLIAM (1818-1888)
- KING, CLARENCE (1842–1901)
- KING, EDWARD (1612–1637)
- KING, EDWARD (1829–1910)
- KING, HENRY (1591-1669)
- KING, RUFUS (1755–1827)
- KING, THOMAS (1730–1805)
- KING, WILLIAM (1650-1729)
- KING, WILLIAM (1663–1712)
king of See also:Arcadia. He, or his fifty impious sons, entertained See also:Zeus and set before him a dish of human flesh; the See also:god pushed away the dish in disgust and either killed the king and his sons by See also:lightning or turned them into wolves (See also:Apollodorus iii. 8; See also:Ovid, Metam. 198). Some say that Lycaon slew and dished up his own son Nyctimus (Clem. Alex. Protrept. ii. 36; See also:Nonnus, Dionys. xviii. 20; See also:Arnobius iv. 24). The See also:deluge was said to have been sent by Zeus in the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time of See also:Deucalion in consequence of the sons' impiety. See also:Pausanias (viii. 2) says that Lycaon sacrificed a See also:child to Zeus on the See also:altar on See also:mount See also:Lycaeus, and immediately after the See also:sacrifice was turned into a See also:wolf. This gave rise to the See also:story that a See also:man was turned into a wolf at each See also:annual sacrifice to Zeus Lycaeus, but recovered his human See also:form if he abstained from human flesh for ten years. The See also:oldest See also:city, the oldest cultus (that of Zeus Lycaeus), and the first See also:civilization of Arcadia are attributed to Lycaori. His story has been variously interpreted. According to See also:Weizsacker, he was an old Pelasgian or pre-Hellenic god, to whom human sacrifice was offered, bearing a non-Hellenic name similar to See also:Minor, whence the story originated of his See also:metamorphosis into a wolf. His cult was driven out by that of the Hellenic Zeus, and Lycaon himself was afterwards represented as an evil spirit, who had insulted the new deity by setting human flesh before him. See also:Robertson See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith considers the sacrifices offered to the wolf-Zeus in Arcadia to have been originally cannibal feasts of a wolf-tribe, who recognized the wolf as their totem. Usener and others identify Lycaon with Zeus Lycaeus, the god of See also:light, who slays his son Nyctimus (the dark) or is succeeded by him, in allusion to the perpetual See also:succession of See also:night and See also:day. According to Ed. See also:Meyer, the belief that Zeus Lycaeus accepted human sacrifice in the form of a wolf was the origin of the myth that Lycaon, the founder of his cult, became a wolf, i.e. participated in the nature of the god by the See also:act of sacrifice, as did all who afterwards duly performed it. W. Mannhardt See also:sees in the ceremony an allusion to certain agricultural See also:rites, the See also:object of-
which was to prevent the failure of the crops and to avert pestilence (or to protect them and the flocks against the ravages of wolves). Others (e.g. V. B€rard) take Zeus Lycaeus for a Semitic See also:Baal, whose See also:worship was imported into Arcadia by the Phoenicians; Immerwahr identifies him with Zeus Phyxios, the god of the See also:- EXILE (Lat. exsilium or exilium, from exsul or exul, which is derived from ex, out of, and the root sal, to go, seen in salire, to leap, consul, &c.; the connexion with solum, soil, country is now generally considered wrong)
exile who flees on See also:account of his having See also:shed See also:blood. Another explanation is that the See also:place of the sacred wolf once worshipped in Arcadia was taken in cult by Zeus Lycaeus, and in popular tradition by Lycaon, the ancestor of the Arcadians, who was supposed to have been punished for his insulting treatment of Zeus. It is possible that the whole may be merely a See also:reminiscence of a superstition similar to the See also:familiar See also:werwolf stories.
See articles by P. Weizsacker in See also:Roscher's Lexikon and by G. See also:Fougeres (s.v. " Lykaia ") in Daremberg and Saglio's Dictionnaire
See also:des antiquites; W. Immerwahr, See also:Die Kulte and Mythen Arkadiens, 1. (1891), p. 14; L.
R. Farnell, Cults of the Greek States, i. (1896), p. 4o; A. See also:Lang, Myth, See also:Ritual and See also:Religion (1899) ; C. See also:Pascal, Studii di antichita e mitologia (1896), who sees in Lycaon a god of See also:death honoured by human sacrifice; Ed. Meyer, Forschungen zur See also:alien Geschichte, i. (1892), p. 6o; W. Mannhardt, Wald- and Feldkulte, ii. (1905) ; G. Fougeres, Mantinee et l'Arcadie orientate (1898), p. 2o2; V. See also:Berard, De l'origine des cultes arcadiens (1894) ; H. D. See also:- MULLER, FERDINAND VON, BARON (1825–1896)
- MULLER, FRIEDRICH (1749-1825)
- MULLER, GEORGE (1805-1898)
- MULLER, JOHANNES PETER (18o1-1858)
- MULLER, JOHANNES VON (1752-1809)
- MULLER, JULIUS (18oi-1878)
- MULLER, KARL OTFRIED (1797-1840)
- MULLER, LUCIAN (1836-1898)
- MULLER, WILHELM (1794-1827)
- MULLER, WILLIAM JAMES (1812-1845)
Muller, Mythologie der griechischen Stdmme, ii. (1861), p. 78; H. Usener, Rheinisches Museum, liii. (1898), p. 375; G. See also:Gorres, Berliner Sludien See also:fur classische Philologie, x. 1 (1889), who regards the Lycaea as a funeral festival connected with the changes of vegetation; Vollgraf, De Ovidii mythopoeia; a concise statement of the various forms of the See also:legend in 0. Gruppe, Griechische Mythologie, ii. p. 92o, n. 4; see alSO See also:LYCANTHROPY; D. See also:Bassi, " See also:Apollo Liceo," in Rivista di storia antica, i. (1895) ; and Frazer's Pausanias, iv. p. 189.
U. H.
End of Article: LYCAON
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!