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MELVILLE, ANDREW (1545-1622)

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Originally appearing in Volume V18, Page 102 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MELVILLE, See also:ANDREW (1545-1622) , Scottish See also:scholar, theologian and religious reformer, was the youngest son of See also:Richard Melville (See also:brother to Melville of See also:Dysart), proprietor of Baldovy near See also:Montrose, at which See also:place Andrew was See also:born on the 1st of See also:August 1545. His See also:father See also:fell at the See also:battle of Pinkie (1547), fighting in the See also:van of the Scottish See also:army, and, his wife having died soon after, the See also:orphan was cared for by his eldest brother Richard (1522-1595). At an See also:early See also:age Melville began to show a See also:taste for learning, and his brother did everything in his See also:power to give him the best See also:education. The rudiments of Latin he obtained at the See also:grammar school of Montrose, after leaving which he learned See also:Greek for two years under See also:Pierre de Marsilliers, a Frenchman whom See also:John See also:Erskine of Dun had induced to See also:settle at Montrose; and such was Melville's proficiency that on going to the university of St See also:Andrews he excited the astonishment of the professors by using the Greek See also:text of See also:Aristotle, which no one else there understood. On completing his course, Melville See also:left St Andrews with the reputation of " the best poet, philosopher, and Grecian of any See also:young See also:master in the See also:land." He then, in 1564, being nineteen years of age, set out for See also:France to perfect his education at the university of See also:Paris. He there applied himself to See also:Oriental See also:languages, but also attended the last course of lectures delivered by See also:Turnebus in the Greek See also:chair, as well as those of See also:Peter See also:Ramus, whose philosophical method and See also:plan of teaching he afterwards introduced into the See also:universities of See also:Scot= land. From Paris he proceeded to See also:Poitiers (1566) to study See also:civil See also:law, and though only twenty-one he was apparently at once made; a See also:regent in the See also:college of St Marceon. After a See also:residence of three years, however, See also:political troubles compelled him to leave France, and he went to See also:Geneva, where he was welcomed by See also:Theodore See also:Beza, at whose instigation he was appointed to the chair of humanity in the See also:academy of Geneva. In addition to his teaching, however, he also applied himself to studies in Oriental literature,, and in particular acquired from See also:Cornelius See also:Bertram, one of its brother professors, a knowledge of See also:Syriac. While he resided at" Geneva the See also:massacre of St See also:Bartholomew in 1572 drove an immense number of See also:Protestant refugees to that See also:city, including several of the most distinguished See also:French men of letters of the See also:time. Among these were several men learned in civil law. and political See also:science, and their society increased Melville's knowledge of the See also:world and enlarged his ideas of civil and ecclesiastical See also:liberty. In 1574 Melville returned to See also:Scotland, and almost immediately received the See also:appointment of See also:principal of See also:Glasgow University, which had fallen into an almost ruinous See also:state, the college having been shut and the students dispersed.

Melville, however, set himself to establish a See also:

good educational See also:system. He travels in See also:Persia, See also:Egypt and See also:India. Melville, though comparaenlarged the curriculum at the college, and established chairs tively little known during his lifetime, was one of the most in languages, science, See also:philosophy and divinity, which were powerful influences in contemporary See also:art, especially in his broad confirmed by See also:charter in 1577. His fame spread through the decorative treatment with See also:water-See also:colour. Though his vivid See also:kingdom, and students flocked from all parts of Scotland and impressions of colour and See also:movement are apparently recorded even beyond, till the class-rooms could not contain those who with feverish haste, they are the result of careful deliberation came for See also:admission. He assisted in the reconstruction of and selection. He was at his best in his water-See also:colours of Eastern See also:Aberdeen University in 1575, and in See also:order that he might do for See also:life and colour and his Venetian scenes, but he also painted several St Andrews what he had done for Glasgow, he was appointed Striking portraits in See also:oils and a powerful See also:colossal See also:composition of principal of St See also:Mary's College, St Andrews, in 1580. His duties " The Return from the Crucifixion " which remained unfinished there comprehended the teaching, not only of See also:theology, but of at his See also:death in 1904. At the See also:Victoria and See also:Albert Museum is one the See also:Hebrew, See also:Chaldee, Syriac and Rabbinical languages. The of his water-colours, " The Little See also:Bull-Fight—See also:Bravo, See also:Toro! " and ability of his lectures was universally acknowledged, and he another, " An Oriental Goatherd," is in the See also:Weimar Museum. created a taste for the study of Greek literature. The reforms, But the See also:majority of his pictures have been absorbed by private however, which his new modes of teaching involved, and even collectors.

some of his new doctrines, such as the non-See also:

infallibility of Aristotle, A comprehensive memorial See also:exhibition of Melville's See also:works was brought him into collision with other teachers in the university. held at the Royal See also:Institute Galleries in See also:London in 1906. He was See also:moderator of the See also:General See also:Assembly in 1582, and took MELVILLE, See also:HENRY DUNDAS, 1ST See also:VISCOUNT (1742–1811), See also:part in the organization of the See also:Church and the Presbyterian See also:British statesman, See also:fourth son of See also:Robert Dundas (1685–1753), method. Troubles arose from the attempts of the See also:court to force See also:lord See also:president of the Scottish court of session, was born at a system of See also:Episcopacy upon the Church of Scotland (see SCOT- See also:Edinburgh in 1742, and was educated at the high school and LAND, CHURCH OF), and Melville prosecuted one of the " tulchan " university there. Becoming a member of the See also:faculty of advobishops (Robert See also:Montgomery, d. 1609). In consequence of this cates in 1763, he soon acquired a leading position at the See also:bar; he was summoned before the Privy See also:Council in See also:February 1584, and he had the See also:advantage of the success of his See also:half-brother and had to flee into See also:England in order to See also:escape an absurd See also:charge Robert (1713–1787), who had become lord president of the court of See also:treason which threatened imprisonment and not improbably of session in 176o. He became See also:solicitor-general to Scotland in his life. After an See also:absence of twenty months he returned to 1766; but after his appointment as lord-See also:advocate in 1775, he Scotland in See also:November 1585, and in See also:March 1586 resumed his gradually relinquished his legal practice to devote his See also:attention lectures in St Andrews, where he continued for twenty years; more exclusively to public business. In 1774 he was returned to he became See also:rector of the university in 159o. During the whole See also:parliament for Midlothian, and joined the party of Lord See also:North; time he protected the liberties of the Scottish Church against and notwithstanding his provincial See also:dialect and ungraceful manner, all encroachments of the See also:government. That in the See also:main he and he soon distinguished himself by his clear and argumentative his coadjutors were fighting for the constitutionally guaranteed speeches. After holding subordinate offices under the See also:marquess rights of the Church is admitted by all candid inquirers (see in of See also:Lansdowne and See also:Pitt, he entered the See also:cabinet in 1791 as See also:home particular The See also:History of England from 1603 to 161-6, by S.

R. secretary. From 1794 to 1801 he was secretary at See also:

war under See also:Gardiner, vol. i. See also:chap. ix.). The See also:chief charge against Melville Pitt, who conceived for him a See also:special friendship. In 1802 he is that his fervour often led him to forget the reverence due to an was elevated to the See also:peerage as Viscount Melville and See also:Baron " anointed monarch." Of this, however, it is not easy to See also:judge. Dunira. Under Pitt in 1804 he again entered See also:office as first lord See also:Manners at that time were rougher than at See also:present. When the of the See also:admiralty, when he introduced numerous improvements See also:king acted in an arbitrary and illegal manner he needed the in the details of the See also:department. Suspicion had arisen, however, reminder that though he was king over men he was only " See also:God's as to the See also:financial management of the admiralty, of which See also:silly See also:vassal." Melville's rudeness (if it is to be called so) was the Dundas had been treasurer between 1782 and 'Soo; in 1802 a outburst of just indignation from a See also:man zealous for the purity See also:commission of inquiry was appointed, which reported in 1805. of See also:religion and regardless of consequences to himself. In 1599 The result was the See also:impeachment of Lord Melville in x8o6, on he was deprived of the rectorship, but was made See also:dean of the the initiative of See also:Samuel See also:Whitbread, for the misappropriation of faculty of theology. The See also:close of Melville's career in Scotland public See also:money; and though it ended in an acquittal, and nothing was at length brought about by See also:James in characteristic See also:fashion. more than formal See also:negligence See also:lay against him, he never again held In 16o6 Melville and seven other clergymen of the Church of office. An earldom was offered in 1809 but declined; and he died Scotland were summoned to London in order " that his See also:majesty on the 28th of May 1811. might treat with them of such things as would tend to settle the His son ROBERT, 2nd Viscount Melville (1771–1851), filled See also:peace of the Church." The contention of the whole of these various political offices and was first lord of the admiralty from faithful men was that the only way to accomplish that purpose 1812 to 1827 and from 1828 to 183o; his name is perpetuated was a See also:free Assembly.

Melville delivered his See also:

opinion to that by that of Melville See also:Sound, because of his See also:interest in See also:Arctic effect in two See also:long speeches with his accustomed freedom, and, exploration. His eldest son, HENRY DUNDAS, 3rd Viscount having shortly afterwards written a sarcastic Latin See also:epigram on (1801-1876), a general in the army, played a distinguished part some of the See also:ritual practised in the See also:chapel of See also:Hampton Court, and in the second See also:Sikh War. some eavesdropper having conveyed the lines to the king, he See Hon. J. W. See also:Fortescue, History of the British Army, vol. iv. was committed to the See also:tower, and detained there for four years. (1907). On regaining his liberty, and being refused permission to return MELVILLE, HERMAN (1819–1891) See also:American author, was to his own See also:country, he was invited to fill a See also:professor's chair in the born in New See also:York City on the 1st of August 1819. He shipped university of See also:Sedan, and there he spent the last eleven years of his as a See also:cabin-boy at the age of eighteen, thus being enabled to..ipake life. He died at Sedan in 1622, at the age of seventy-seven. his first visit to England, and at twenty-two sailed for a 13ng See McCries, Andrew Melville (ed. 1819) ; Andrew See also:Lang, History whaling cruise in the Pacific.

After a See also:

year and a half he deserted of Scotland (1902). (D.

End of Article: MELVILLE, ANDREW (1545-1622)

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