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VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault...

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Originally appearing in Volume V27, Page 946 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,) , the See also:tenant and follower of a feudal See also:lord (see Fa :AUSM). The See also:etymology of the word has See also:beet- a See also:matter of considerable dispute The See also:late See also:Henri de See also:Tourville, in his Histoire de la formation particulariste, maintained that vassal is derived from the See also:German Gast, a See also:guest, meaning an outsider to whom a portion of a See also:free domain was assigned in return for See also:rent and certain fixed services. This derivation has a somewhat fantastic ail, and seems to havebeen framed to suit an See also:hypothesis. The commonly accepted etymology is from the See also:Breton gwaz, Welsh guns, a lad or a servant. As the word in its Latin See also:form vassus was at first uniformly employed in the sense of slave, this explanation is the more acceptable of the two. If it is correct we may say that "vassal" was analogous in origin to the name of " boy given to a coloured servant by Europeans. in See also:Asia and See also:Africa, The word gained in dignity under the Frankish See also:empire through the vassi dominici, i.e. servants of the royal See also:household, See also:great See also:officers of See also:state, who were sent on extraordinary See also:missions into the provinces, to See also:act as assessors to the See also:counts in the courts, or generally to See also:settle any questions in the interests of the central See also:power. Sometimes they were sent to organize and govern a See also:march, sometimes they were rewarded with benefices, and as, with the growth of See also:feudalism, these See also:developed into hereditary fiefs, the word vassus or vassallus was naturally retained as implying the relation to the See also:king as overlord, and was extended to the holders of all fiefs whether See also:capital or mediate. As feudal See also:independence increased, the word vassal lost every vestige of its. See also:original servile sense, and, since it had come to imply a purely military relation, acquired rather the meaning of " free See also:warrior." Thus in See also:medieval See also:French See also:poetry vasselage is commonly used in the sense of " prowess in arms," or generally of any knightly qualities. In this sense it also became acclimatized in See also:England, and "vassal " came to be used as See also:equivalent to free-See also:born, soldierly, valiant and loyal, in which sense it is commonly used in medieval poetry. Tn countries which were not feudally organized-in See also:Castile, for instance—vassal meant simply subject, and during the revolutionary See also:period acquired a distinctly offensive significance as being equivalent to slave. The diminutive form vasseletus, for the son of a vassal, after See also:strange fortunes returned to something of its original sense of " household servant " in the See also:modern " See also:valet" (q.v.) (see also See also:VAVASSOR). Set Dictionnaire' de l`ancienne Ian See also:glee fraricaise (See also:Paris, 1895), for numerous examples of the use of the word vassal; also Du Cange; Glossatium, s.

End of Article: VASSAL (Fr. vassal, vassaut, vassault, &c,)

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