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GLEE , a musical See also:term for a See also:part-See also:song of a particular See also:kind. The word, as well as the thing, is essentially confined to See also:England. The technical meaning has been explained in different ways; but there is little doubt of its derivation through the See also:ordinary sense of the word (i.e. merriment, entertainment) from the A.S. gleov, gleo, corresponding to See also:Lat. gaudium, delectamentum, hence ludus musicus; on the other See also:hand, a musical " glee " is by no means necessarily a merry See also:composition. Gleeman (A.S. " gleoman ") is translated simply as " musicus " or " cantor," to which the less distinguished titles of " mimus, jocista, scurra," are frequently added in old dictionaries. The accomplishments and social position of the gleeman seem to have been as varied as those of the Provencal " joglar." There are See also:early examples of the word " glee " being used as synonymous with See also:harmony or concerted See also:music. The former explanation, for instance, is given in the Promptorium parvulorum, a See also:work of the 15th See also:century. Glee in its See also:present meaning signifies, broadly speaking, a piece of concerted vocal music, generally unaccompanied, and for male voices, though exceptions are found to the last two restrictions. The number of voices ought not to be less than three. As regards musical See also:form, the glee is little distinguished from the catch,—the two terms being often used indiscriminately for the
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See also:Glazing.
same song; but there is a distinct difference between it and the See also:madrigal—one of the earliest forms of concerted music known in England. While the madrigal does not show a distinction of contrasted movements, this feature is absolutely necessary in the glee. In the madrigal the See also:movement of the voices is strictly contrapuntal, while the more See also:modern form allows of freer treatment and more compact harmonies. See also:Differences of tonality are fully explained by the development of the See also:art, for while the madrigal reached its See also:acme in See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth's See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, the glee proper was little known before the See also:Commonwealth; and its most famous representatives belong to the 18th century and the first See also:quarter of the 19th. Among the numerous collections of the innumerable pieces of this kind, only one of the earliest and most famous may be mentioned, Catch that Catch can, a Choice Collection of Catches, Rounds and Canons, for three and four voices, published by See also:John See also:Hilton in 1652. The name " glee," however, appears for the first time in John Playford's Musical See also:Companion, published twenty-one years afterwards, and reprinted again and again, with additions by later composers —See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Purcell, See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Croft and John See also:Blow among the number. The originator of the glee in its modern form was Dr See also:Arne, See also:born in 1710. Among later See also:English musicians famous for their glees, catches and part-songs, the following may be mentioned:—See also:Attwood, See also:Boyce, See also:Bishop, See also:Crotch, See also:Callcott, See also:Shield, See also:Stevens, See also:Horsley, See also:Webb and Knyvett. The convivial See also:character of the glee led, in the 18th century, to the formation of various See also:societies, which offered prizes and medals for the best compositions of the kind and assembled for social and See also:artistic purposes. The most famous amongst these—The Glee See also:Club—was founded in 1787, and at first used to meet at the See also:house of Mr See also:Robert See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith, in St See also:Pail's See also:churchyard. This club was dissolved in 1857. A similar society—The Catch Club—was formed in 176i and is still in existence.
End of Article: GLEE
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