Online Encyclopedia

Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.

KINGSLEY, MARY HENRIETTA (1862-1900)

Online Encyclopedia
Originally appearing in Volume V15, Page 819 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
» Make a correction to this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Spread the word: del.icio.us del.icio.us it!

See also:

KINGSLEY, See also:MARY HENRIETTA (1862-1900) , See also:English traveller, ethnologist and author, daughter of See also:George See also:Henry Kingsley (1827-1892), was See also:born in See also:Islington, See also:London, on the 13th of See also:October 1862. Her See also:father, though less widely known than his See also:brothers, See also:Charles and Henry (see above), was a See also:man of versatile abilities, with a See also:passion for travelling which he managed to indulge -in See also:combination with his practice as a See also:doctor. He wrote one popular See also:book of travel, See also:South See also:Sea Bubbles, by the See also:Earl and the Doctor (1872), in collaboration with the 13th earl of See also:Pembroke. Mary Kingsley's See also:reading in See also:history, See also:poetry and See also:philosophy was wide if desultory, but she was most attracted to natural history. Her See also:family moved to See also:Cambridge in 1886, where she studied the See also:science of See also:sociology. The loss of both parents in 1892 See also:left her See also:free to pursue her own course, and she resolved to study native See also:religion and See also:law in See also:West See also:Africa with a view to completing a book which her father had left unfinished. With her study of " raw fetish " she combined that of a scientific See also:collector of fresh-See also:water fishes. She started for the West See also:Coast in See also:August 1893; and at See also:Kabinda, at Old See also:Calabar, Fernando Po and on the See also:Lower See also:Congo she pursued her investigations, returning to See also:England in See also:June 1894. She gained sufficient knowledge of the native customs to contribute an introduction to Mr R. E. Dennett's Notes on the Folk See also:Lore of the Fjort (1898). See also:Miss Kingsley made careful preparations for a second visit to the same coast; and in See also:December 1894, provided by the See also:British Museum authorities with a collector's equipment, she proceeded via Old Calabar to See also:French Congo, and ascended the Ogowe See also:River.

From this point her See also:

journey, in See also:part across See also:country hitherto untrodden by Europeans, was a See also:long See also:series of adventures and hairbreadth escapes, at one See also:time from the dangers of See also:land and water, at another from the cannibal See also:Fang. Returning to the coast Miss Kingsley went to See also:Corisco and to the See also:German See also:colony of Cameroon, where she made the ascent of the See also:Great Cameroon (13,760 ft.) from a direction until then unattempted. She returned to England in October 1895. The See also:story of her adventures and her investigations in fetish is vividly told in her Travels in West Africa (1897). The book aroused wide See also:interest, and she lectured to scientific, gatherings on the See also:fauna, See also:flora and folk-lore of West Africa, and to commercial audiences on the See also:trade of that region and its possible developments, always with a protest against the lack of detailed knowledge characteristic of See also:modern dealings with new See also:fields of trade. In both cases she spoke with authority, for she had brought back a considerable number of new specimens of fishes and See also:plants, and had herself traded in See also:rubber and oil in the districts through which she passed. But her See also:chief concern was for the development of the See also:negro on See also:African, not See also:European, lines and for the See also:government of the British possessions on the West Coast by methods which left the native " a free unsmashed man—not a whitewashed slave or an enemy." With undaunted See also:energy Miss Kingsley made preparations for a third journey to the West Coast, but the Anglo-See also:Boer See also:War changed her plans, and she decided to go first to South Africa to See also:nurse See also:fever cases. She died of enteric fever at See also:Simon's See also:Town, where she was engaged in tending Boer prisoners, on the 3rd of June 'goo. Miss Kingsley's See also:works, besides her Travels, include West African Studies, The Story of West Africa, a memoir of her father prefixed to his Notes on See also:Sport and Travel (1899), and many contributions to the study of West African law and folk-lore. To continue the investigation of the subjects Miss Kingsley had made her own " The African Society " was founded in 1901. Valuable See also:biographical See also:information from the See also:pen of Mr George A. See also:Macmillan is prefixed to a second edition (1901) of the Studies.

See also:

KING'S See also:LYNN (LYNN or LYNN REGIS), a See also:market town, sea-See also:port and municipal and See also:parliamentary See also:borough of See also:Norfolk, England, on the See also:estuary of the Great See also:Ouse near its outflow into the See also:Wash. Pop. (1901), 20,288. It is 97 m. N. by E. from London by the Great Eastern railway, and is also served by the Midland and Great See also:Northern See also:joint See also:line. On the land See also:side the town was formerly defended by a See also:fosse, and there are still considerable remains of the old See also:wall, including the handsome South See also:Gate of the 15th See also:century. Several by-channels of the river, passing through the town, are known as fleets, recalling the similar flethe of See also:Hamburg. The Public Walks forms a pleasant See also:promenade parallel to the wall, and in the centre of it stands a picturesque octagonal See also:Chapel of the Red See also:Mount, exhibiting ornate Perpendicular See also:work, and once frequented by pilgrims. The See also:church of St See also:Margaret, formerly the priory church, is a See also:fine See also:building with two towers at the west end, one of which was formerly surmounted by a See also:spire, blown down in 1741. See also:Norman or transitional work appears in the See also:base of both towers, of which the See also:southern also shows See also:Early English and Decorated work, while the northern is chiefly Perpendicular. There is a fine Perpendicular See also:east window of circular See also:form. The church possesses two of the finest monumental See also:brasses in existence, dated respectively 1349 and 1364.

St See also:

Nicholas chapel, at the See also:north end of the town, is also of See also:rich Perpendicular workmanship, with a See also:tower of earlier date. All See also:Saints' church in South Lynn is a beautiful Decorated cruciform structure. Of a Franciscan friary there remains the Perpendicular See also:Grey Friars' See also:Steeple, and the See also:doorway remains of a priests' See also:college founded in 1502. At the See also:grammar school, founded in the reign of Henry VIII., but occupying modern buildings, See also:Eugene See also:Aram was See also:usher. Among the other public buildings are the See also:guildhall, with See also:Renaissance front, the See also:corn See also:exchange, the picturesque See also:custom-See also:house of the 17th century, the See also:athenaeum (including a museum, See also:hall and other departments), the See also:Stanley Library and the municipal buildings. The See also:fisheries of the town are important, including extensive See also:mussel-fisheries under the See also:jurisdiction of the See also:corporation, and there are also breweries, corn-See also:mills, See also:iron and See also:brass foundries, agricultural See also:implement manufactories, See also:ship-building yards, rope and See also:sail works. Lynn See also:Harbour has an See also:area of 30 acres and an See also:average See also:depth at See also:low See also:tide of 10 ft. There is also See also:good anchorage in the roads leading from the Wash to the docks. There are two docks of 64 and to acres area respectively. A considerable See also:traffic is carried on by See also:barges on the Ouse. The municipal and parliamentary boroughs of Lynn are co-extensive; the parliamentary borough returns one member. The town is governed by a See also:mayor, 6 aldermen and 18 councillors.

Area, 3061 acres. As Lynn (Lun, Lenne, See also:

Bishop's Lynn) owes its origin to the trade which its early settlers carried by the Ouse and its tributaries its history See also:dates from the See also:period of settled occupation by the See also:Saxons. It belonged to the bishops of See also:Thetford before the See also:Conquest and remained with the see when it was translated to See also:Norwich. See also:Herbert de Losinga (c. 1054—1119) granted its jurisdiction to the See also:cathedral of Norwich but this right was resumed by a later bishop, See also:John de See also:Gray, who in 1204 had obtained from John a See also:charter establishing Lynn as a free borough. A See also:fuller See also:grant in 1206 gave the burgesses a gild See also:merchant, the See also:husting See also:court to be held once a See also:week only, and See also:general liberties according to the customs of See also:Oxford, saving the rights of the bishop and the earl of See also:Arundel, whose ancestor See also:William D'Albini had received from William II. the moiety of the tolbooth. Among numerous later charters one of 1268 confirmed the See also:privilege granted to the burgesses by the bishop of choosing a mayor; another of 1416 re-established his See also:election by the aldermen alone. Henry VIII. granted Lynn two charters, the first (1524) incorporating it under mayor and aldermen; the second (1537) changing its name to King's Lynn and transferring to the corporation all the rights hitherto enjoyed by the bishop. See also:Edward VI. added the possessions of the gild of the Trinity, or gild merchant, and St George's gild, while See also:Queen Mary annexed South Lynn. See also:Admiralty rights were granted by See also:James I. Lynn, which had declat ed for the See also:Crown in 1643, surrendered its privileges to Charles II. in 1684, but recovered its charter on the See also:eve of the Revolution. A See also:fair held on the festival of St Margaret (See also:July 20) was included in the grant to the monks of Norwich about IToo.

Three charters of John granting the bishop fairs on the feasts of St Nicholas, St See also:

Ursula and St Margaret are extant, and another of Edward I., changing the last to the feast of St See also:Peter ad Vincula (Aug. I). A See also:local See also:act was passed in 1558—1559 for keeping a mart or fair once a See also:year. In the eighteenth century besides the See also:pleasure fair, still held in See also:February, there was another in October, now abolished. A royal charter of 1524 established the See also:cattle, corn and general provisions market, still held every Tuesday and Saturday. Lynn has ranked high among English seaports from early times. See E. M. Beloe, Our Borough (1899); H. Harrod, See also:Report on Deeds, &'c.; of King's Lynn (1874) ; See also:Victoria See also:County History: Norfolk. KING'S See also:MOUNTAIN, a mountainous See also:ridge in Gaston county, North Carolina and See also:York county, South Carolina, U.S.A. It is an outlier of the See also:Blue Ridge See also:running parallel with it, i.e.

N.E. and S.W., but in contrast with the other mountains of the Blue Ridge, King's Mountain has a See also:

crest marked with See also:sharp and irregular notches. Its highest point and great escarpment are in North Carolina. About 12 m. S. of the line between the two states, where the ridge is about 6o ft. above the surrounding country and very narrow at the See also:top, the See also:battle of King's Mountain was fought on the 7th of October 178o between a force of about See also:loo Provincial Rangers and about r000 Loyalist See also:militia under See also:Major See also:Patrick See also:Ferguson (1744-1780), and an See also:American force of about 900 backwoodsmen under Colonels William See also:Campbell (1745-1781), See also:Benjamin See also:Cleveland (1738—2806) ,See also:Isaac See also:Shelby, John See also:Sevier and James See also:Williams (1740—1780), in which the Americans were victorious. The British loss is stated as 119 killed (including the See also:commander), 123 wounded, and 664 prisoners; the American loss was 28 killed (including See also:Colonel Williams) and 62 wounded. The victory largely contributed to the success of General See also:Nathanael See also:Greene's See also:campaign against See also:Lord See also:Cornwallis. There has been some dispute as to the exact site of the engagement, but the See also:weight of See also:evidence is in favour of the position mentioned above, on the South Carolina side of the line. A See also:monument erected in 1815 was replaced in 1880 by a much larger one, and a monument for which See also:Congress appropriated $30,000 in 1906, was completed in 1909. See L. C. See also:Draper, King's Mountain and its Heroes (See also:Cincinnati, 1881); and Edward McCrady, South Carolina in the Revolution 1775—1780 (New York, 1901).

End of Article: KINGSLEY, MARY HENRIETTA (1862-1900)

Additional information and Comments

There are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.

Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.

[back]
KINGSLEY, HENRY (183o-1876) 		[next]
KINGSTON

Site © 2006 - Net Industries