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WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 682 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WILLIAMS, See also:JOHN (1582-1650) , See also:English See also:archbishop and See also:lord keeper, son of See also:Edmund Williams of See also:Conway, a Welsh See also:gentleman of See also:property, was See also:born in See also:March 1582 and educated at St John's See also:College, See also:Cambridge. He was ordained about 16o5, and in 1610 he preached before See also:King See also:James I., whose favour he quickly gained by his love of See also:compromise. The result was the rapid promotion of Williams in the See also:church; he obtained several livings besides prebends at See also:Hereford, See also:Lincoln and See also:Peterborough. In 1617 he became See also:chaplain to the king, in 1619 See also:dean of See also:Salisbury, and in the following See also:year dean of See also:Westminster. On the fall of See also:Bacon in 1621 Williams, who had meantime ingratiated himself with the See also:duke of See also:Buckingham, was appointed lord keeper, and was at the same See also:time made See also:bishop of Lincoln, retaining also the deanery of Westminster. As a See also:political adviser of the king Williams consistently counselled moderation and compromise between the unqualified assertion of the royal See also:prerogative and the puritan views of popular liberties which were now coming to the front. Ile warned Buckingham and See also:Prince See also:Charles of the perils of their project for the See also:Spanish See also:marriage, and after their return from See also:Madrid he encountered their resentment by opposing See also:war with See also:Spain. The lord keeper's counsel of moderation was less pleasing to Charles I. than it had been to his See also:father. The new king was offended by Williams's See also:advice to proceed with caution in dealing with the See also:parliament, with the result that within a few months of Charles's See also:accession the See also:Great See also:Seal was taken from Williams. In the See also:quarrel between the king and the See also:Commons over the See also:petition of right, Williams took the popular See also:side in condemning arbitrary imprisonment by the See also:sovereign. In the See also:matter of ecclesiastical See also:administration he similarly followed a See also:middle course; but See also:lie had now to contend against the growing See also:influence of See also:Laud and the extreme high church party. A See also:case was preferred against him in the See also:Star Chamber of revealing See also:state secrets, to which was added in 1635 a See also:charge of subornation of See also:perjury, of which he had undoubtedly been guilty and for which he was condemned in 1637 to pay a See also:fine of ro,000, to be deprived of the temporalities of all his benefices, and to be imprisoned during the king's See also:pleasure.

He was sent to the See also:

Tower. In 1639 he was again condemned by the Star Chamber for libelling Laud, a further heavy fine being imposed for this offence. In 1641 he recovered his See also:liberty on the demand of the See also:House of Lords, who maintained that as a peer he was entitled to be summoned to parliament. When the See also:Long Parliament met, Williams was made chairman of a See also:committee of inquiry into innovations in the church; and he was one of the bishops consulted by Charles as to whether he should See also:veto the See also:bill for the See also:attainder of See also:Strafford. In See also:December 1641 the king, anxious to conciliate public See also:opinion, appointed Williams archbishop of See also:York. In the same See also:month he was one of the twelve bishops impeached by the Commons for high See also:treason and committed to the Tower. Released on an undertaking not to go to See also:Yorkshire, a promise which he did not observe, the archbishop was en-throned in York See also:Minster in See also:June 1642. On the outbreak of the See also:Civil War, after visiting Conway in the Royalist See also:interest, he joined the king at See also:Oxford; he then returned to See also:Wales, and finding that See also:Sir John See also:Owen, acting on Charles's orders, had seized certain property in Conway See also:Castle that had been deposited with the archbishop for safe-keeping, he went over to the See also:Parliamentary side and assisted in the recapture of Conway Castle in See also:November 1646. Williams, who was a generous benefactor of St John's College, Cambridge, died on the 25th of March 165o.

End of Article: WILLIAMS, JOHN (1582-1650)

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