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HERBERT, GEORGE (1593-1633)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 340 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HERBERT, See also:GEORGE (1593-1633) , See also:English poet, was See also:born at See also:Montgomery See also:Castle on the 3rd of See also:April 1593. He was the fifth son of See also:Sir See also:Richard Herbert and a See also:brother of See also:Lord Herbert of Cherbury. His See also:mother, See also:Lady Magdalen Herbert, a woman of See also:great See also:good sense and sweetness of See also:character, and a friend of See also:John See also:Donne, exercised great See also:influence over her son. Educated privately until 1605, he was then sent to See also:Westminster School, and in 1609 he became a See also:scholar of Trinity See also:College, See also:Cambridge, where he was made B.A. in 1613, M.A. and See also:major See also:fellow of the college in 1616. In 1618 he became Reader in See also:Rhetoric, and in 1619 orator for the university. In this capacity he was several times brought into contact with See also:King See also:James. From Cambridge he wrote some Latin satiric verses in See also:defence of the See also:universities and the English See also:Church against See also:Andrew See also:Melville, a Scottish Presbyterian See also:minister. He numbered among his See also:friends Dr 1 Printed in 16621 as an appendix to J. See also:Vivian's See also:Ecclesiastes Solomonis. Donne, Sir See also:Henry See also:Wotton, Izaak See also:Walton, See also:Bishop See also:Andrewes and See also:Francis See also:Bacon, who dedicated to him his See also:translation of the See also:Psalms. Walton tells us that " the love of a See also:court conversation, mixed with a laudable ambition to be something more than he was, See also:drew him often from Cambridge to attend the king wheresoever the court was," and James I. gave him in 1623 the See also:sinecure See also:lay rectory of Whitford, Flintshire, See also:worth £120 a See also:year. The See also:death of his patrons, the See also:duke of See also:Richmond and the See also:marquess of See also:Hamilton, and of King James put an end to his hopes of See also:political preferment; moreover he probably distrusted the conduct of affairs under the new reign.

Largely influenced by his mother, he decided to take See also:

holy orders, and in See also:July 1626 he was appointed See also:prebendary of Layton See also:Ecclesia (See also:Leighton Bromswold), See also:Huntingdon. Here he was within two See also:miles of Little Gidding, and came under the influence of See also:Nicholas See also:Ferrar. It was at Ferrar's See also:suggestion that he undertook to rebuild the church at Layton, an undertaking carried through by his own gifts and the generosity of his friends. There is little doubt that the See also:close friendship with Ferrar had a large See also:share in Herbert's See also:adoption of the religious See also:life. In 163o See also:Charles I., at the instance of the See also:earl of See also:Pembroke, whose kinsman Herbert was, presented him to the living of Fugglestone with Bemerton, near See also:Salisbury, and he was ordained See also:priest in See also:September. A year before, after three days' acquaintance, he had married Jane See also:Danvers, whose See also:father had been set on the See also:marriage for a See also:long See also:time. He had often spoken of his daughter Jane to Herbert, and " so much commended Mr Herbert to her, that Jane became so much a Platonic as to fall in love with Mr Herbert unseen." The See also:story of the poet's life at Bemerton, as told by Walton,. is one of the most exquisite pictures in See also:literary See also:biography. He devoted much time to explaining the meaning of the various parts of the See also:Prayer-See also:Book, and held services twice every See also:day, at which many of the parishioners attended, and some " let their plough See also:rest when Mr Herbert's See also:saints-See also:bell See also:rung to prayers, that they might also offer their devotions to See also:God with him." Next to See also:Christianity itself he loved the English Church. He was passionately fond of See also:music, and his own See also:hymns were written to the See also:accompaniment of his See also:lute or See also:viol. He usually walked twice a See also:week to attend the See also:cathedral at Salisbury, and before returning See also:home. would " sing and See also:play his See also:part " at a See also:meeting of music lovers. Walton illustrates Herbert's kindness to the poor by many touching anecdotes, but he had not been three years in Bemerton when he succumbed to See also:consumption. He was buried beneath the See also:altar of his church on the 3rd of See also:March 1633.

None of Herbert's English poems was published during his lifetime. On his death-See also:

bed he gave to Nicholas Ferrar a See also:manuscript with the See also:title The See also:Temple: Sacred Poems and Private Ejaculations. This was published at Cambridge, apparently for private circulation, almost immediately after Herbert's death, and a second imprint followed in the same year. On the title-See also:page of both is the See also:quotation " In his Temple doth every See also:man speak of his See also:honour." The Temple is a collection of religious poems connected by unity of sentiment and See also:inspiration. Herbert tried to interpret his own devout meditations by applying images of all kinds to the See also:ritual and beliefs of the Church. Nothing in his own church at Bemerton was too See also:commonplace to serve as a starting-point for the epigrammatic expression of his piety. The church See also:key reminds him that " it is my See also:sin that locks his handes," and the stones of the See also:floor are See also:patience and humility, while the See also:cement that binds them together is love and charity. The See also:chief faults of the book are obscurity, verbal conceits and a forced ingenuity which shows itself in grotesgir'e puns, See also:odd metres and occasional want of See also:taste. But the See also:quaint beauty of Herbert's See also:style and its musical quality give The Temple a high See also:place. " The Church See also:Porch," " The Agony," " Sin," " See also:Sunday," " Virtue," " Man," " The See also:British Church," " The Quip," " The See also:Collar," " The See also:Pulley," " The See also:Flower," " See also:Aaron " and " The See also:Elixir " are among the best known of these poems. Herbert and See also:Keble are the poets of See also:Anglican See also:theology. No book is See also:fuller of devotion to the Church of See also:England than The Temple, and no poems in our See also:language exhibit more of the spirit of true Christianity.

Every page is marked by transparent sincerity, and reflects the beautiful character of " holy George Herbert." Nicholas Ferrar's translation (See also:

Oxford, 1638) of the See also:Hundred and Ten Considerations ... of Juan de See also:Valdes contained a See also:letter and notes by Herbert. In 1652 appeared Herbert's Remains; or, Sundry Pieces of that Sweet See also:Singer of the Temple, Mr George Herbert. This included A Priest to the Temple; or, The See also:Country See also:Parson, his Character, and See also:Rule of Holy Life, in See also:prose; Jacula prudentum, a collection of See also:proverbs with a See also:separate title-page dated 1651, which had appeared in a shorter See also:form as Outlandish Proverbs in 1640; and some See also:miscellaneous See also:matter. The completest edition of his See also:works is that by Dr A. B. See also:Grosart in 1874, this edition of the Poetical works being reproduced in the " Aldine edition " in 1876. The English Works of George Herbert ... (3 vols., 1905) were edited in much detail by G. H. See also:Palmer. A contemporary See also:account of Herbert's life by See also:Barnabas Oley was prefixed to the Remains of 1652, but the classic authority is Izaak Walton's Life of Mr George Herbert, published in 1670, with some letters from Herbert to his mother. See also A.

G. See also:

Hyde, George Herbert and his Times (1907), and the " Oxford " edition of his poems by A. See also:Waugh (19o8).

End of Article: HERBERT, GEORGE (1593-1633)

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