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GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)

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Originally appearing in Volume V12, Page 391 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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GRAY, See also:ELISHA (1835-1901) , See also:American electrician, was See also:born in Barnesville, See also:Belmont See also:county, See also:Ohio, on the 2nd of See also:August 1835. He worked as a See also:carpenter and in a See also:machine See also:shop, See also:reading in See also:physical See also:science at the same See also:time, and for five years studied at See also:Oberlin See also:College, where he taught for a time. He then investigated the subject of telegraphy, and in 1867 patented a telegraphic switch and annunciator. Experimenting in the transmittal of electro-tones and of musical tones by See also:wire, he utilized in 1874 See also:animal tissues in his receivers, and filed, on the 14th of See also:February 1876, a See also:caveat for the invention of a See also:telephone, only a few See also:hours after the filing of an application for a patent by See also:Alexander See also:Graham See also:Bell. (See TELEPHONE.) The caveat was disregarded; letters patent No.174,465 were granted to Bell, whose priority of invention was upheld in 1888 by the See also:United States Supreme See also:Court (see Molecular Telephone Co. v. American Bell Telephone Co., 126 U.S. I). Gray's experiments won for him high praise and the decoration of the See also:Legion of See also:Honour at the See also:Paris Exposition of 1878. He was for a time a manufacturer of See also:electrical apparatus, particularly of his own inventions; and was See also:chief electrical See also:expert of the Western Electric See also:Company of See also:Chicago. At the Columbian Exposition of 1893 Gray was See also:chair-See also:man of the See also:International See also:Congress of Electricians. He died at Newtonville, See also:Massachusetts, on the 21st of See also:January 1901. Among his later inventions were appliances for multiplex telegraphy and the telautograph, a machine for the electric transmission of See also:handwriting.

He experimented in the submarine use of electric bells for signalling. Gray wrote, besides scientific addresses and many monographs, Telegraphy and Telephony (1878) and See also:

Electricity and See also:Magnetism (1900).

End of Article: GRAY, ELISHA (1835-1901)

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