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health compelled her to give up the profession of teaching, which she had taken up when she was only sixteen years old, and from 1854 to 1857 she was a clerk in the Patent See also:

OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")

Office at See also:

Washington. During the See also:

CIVIL

Civil See also:

War she distributed large quantities of supplies for the See also:

RELIEF

relief of wounded soldiers; and at its See also:

close she organized at Washington a See also:

BUREAU (a Fr. word from burel or bureau, a coarse cloth used for coverings)

bureau of records to aid in the See also:

SEARCH, or VISIT AND SEARCH

search of missing men for whom inquiries were made. In connexion with this See also:

WORK

work, which was continued for about four years, she identified and marked the See also:

GRAVES, ALFRED PERCEVAL (1846— )

graves of more than twelve thousand soldiers in the See also:

NATIONAL

National See also:

CEMETERY (Gr. Korrsnri7pwv, from Hoiµav, to sleep)

Cemetery at Andersonvilte, See also:

GEORGIA

Georgia. In 1869 she went for her health to See also:

SWITZERLAND

Switzerland. Upon her arrival at See also:

Geneva she was visited by members of the See also:

INTERNATIONAL, THE

International See also:

COMMITTEE (from commute, an Anglo-Fr. past participle of commettre, Lat. committere, to entrust; the modern Fr. equivalent comite is derived from the Eng.)

Committee of the Red See also:

CROSS

Cross, who sought her co-operation in the work of their society. The See also:

UNITED

United States had declined to become a party to the treaty of Geneva on the basis of which the Red Cross Society was founded, but upon the outbreak of the Franco-Prussian War See also:

MISS

Miss Barton went with members of this society to the seat of hostilities and assisted them in organizing their military hospitals. In 1871 she superintended the See also:

DISTRIBUTION (Lat. distribuere, to deal out)

distribution of relief to the poor in See also:

STRASSBURG, or STRASBURG (French Strasbourg)

Strassburg, and in 1872 performed a like service in See also:

Paris. For her services she was decorated with the See also:

IRON [symbol Fe, atomic weight 55.85 (0=16)]

Iron Cross bythe See also:

German See also:

EMPEROR (Fr. empereur, from the Lat. imperator)

emperor. In 1873 she returned to the United States, where she at once began her efforts to effect the organization of the United States See also:

BRANCH (from the Fr. branche, late Lat. branca, an animal's paw)

branch of the Red Cross and to bring her See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country into the treaty of Geneva, which efforts were successful in 1881–1882. She was the first See also:

PRESIDENT (Fr. president, from Lat. praesidens, post-Augustan Lat. for praeses, director, ruler, from praesidere, to sit in front of, preside)

president of the American Red Cross, holding the position until 1904: and represented the United States at the International See also:

CONFERENCE

conference held at Geneva, 1884; See also:

KARLSRUHE, or CARLSRUHE

Karlsruhe, 1887; See also:

Rome, 1892; See also:

Vienna, 1897; and St See also:

PETERSBURG

Petersburg, 1903.

She was the author of the American See also:

AMENDMENT (through the O. Fr. amender, to correct, from Lat. mendum, a fault)

amendment to the constitution of the Red Cross which provides that the society shall distribute relief not only in war but in times of such other calamities as famines, floods, earthquakes, cyclones,and pestilence, and in accordance with this amended constitution, she conducted the society's relief for sufferers from the yellow See also:

FEVER (Lat. febris, connected with fervere, to burn)

fever in See also:

FLORIDA

Florida (1887), the See also:

flood at See also:

JOHNSTOWN

Johnstown, See also:

Pennsylvania (1888), the See also:

FAMINE (Lat. fames, hunger)

famine in See also:

Russia (1891), the See also:

HURRICANE

hurricane along the See also:

COAST (from Lat. costa, a rib, side)

coast of See also:

South Carolina (1893), the See also:

MASSACRE

massacre in See also:

ARMENIA (old Persian Armina, Armenian Hayasdan, or Hayq)

Armenia (1896), the See also:

SPANISH

Spanish-American War in See also:

CUBA (the aboriginal name)

Cuba (1898), the hurricane at See also:

GALVESTON

Galveston, See also:

TEXAS

Texas (1900), and several other calamities. Upon her retirement from the Red Cross she incorporated and became president of " The National First Aid of See also:

AMERICA

America " for " first aid to the injured." She wrote An See also:

OFFICIAL (Late Lat. QJicialis, for class. Lat. apparitor, from officium, office, duty)

Official See also:

HISTORY

History of the Red Cross (1882), The Red Cross in See also:

Peace and War (1898), A See also:

Story of the Red Cross (1904), and Story of my Childhood (1907).

End of Article: BARTON, CLARA (1821– )

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