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PAMPLONA, or PAMPELUNA

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Originally appearing in Volume V20, Page 662 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PAMPLONA, or PAMPELUNA , the See also:capital of the See also:Spanish See also:province of See also:Navarre, and an episcopal see; situated 1378 ft. above See also:sea-level, on the See also:left See also:bank of the Arga, a tributary of the See also:Ebro. Pop. (1900), 28,886. Pamplona has a station on the Ebro railway connecting Alsasua with See also:Saragossa. From its position it has always been the See also:principal fortress of Navarre. The old outworks have been partly demolished and replaced by See also:modern forts, while suburbs have grown up See also:round the inner walls and bastions. The citadel, See also:south-See also:west of the See also:city, was constructed by See also:order of See also:Philip II. (1556–1598), and was modelled on that of'See also:Antwerp. The streets of the city are See also:regular and broad; there are three See also:fine squares or plazas. The most attractive of these is the arcaded Plaza del See also:Castillo, flanked by the See also:hall of the provincial See also:council and by the See also:theatre. The See also:cathedral is a See also:late See also:Gothic structure begun in 1397 by See also:Charles III. (El See also:Noble) of Navarre, who is buried within its walls; of the older Romanesque cathedral only a small portion of the cloisters remains.

The fine interior is remarkable for the See also:

peculiar structure of its See also:apse, and for the See also:choir-stalls carved in See also:English See also:oak by See also:Miguel Ancheta, a native artist (1530). The principal See also:facade is Corinthian, from designs of Ventura See also:Rodriguez (1783). The same architect designed the superb See also:aqueduct by which the city is supplied with See also:water from See also:Monte Francoa, some nine See also:miles off. The beautiful cloisters on the south See also:side of the cathedral, and the See also:chapter-See also:house beyond them, as well as the old churches of See also:San Saturnino (Gothic) and San See also:Nicolas (Romanesque), are also of See also:interest to the student of See also:architecture. There are also the See also:bull-See also:ring, capable of accommodating 8000 spectators, the See also:pelota See also:court (el Trinquete) and several parks or gardens. The city is well provided with See also:schools for both sexes; it has also a large See also:hospital. Pamplona has a flourishing agricultural See also:trade, besides manufactures of See also:cloth, See also:linen stuffs, See also:flour, See also:soap, See also:leather, See also:cards, See also:paper, earthenware, See also:iron and nails. The yearly See also:fair in connexion with the feast of San Fermin (See also:July 7), the See also:patron See also:saint of the city, attracts a large concourse from all parts of See also:northern See also:Spain. Originally a See also:town of the Vascones, Pamplona was rebuilt in 68 B.C. by See also:Pompey the See also:Great, whence the name Pompaelo or Pompelo (See also:Strabo). It was captured by Euric the Goth in 466 and by the See also:Franks under See also:Childebert in 542; it was dismantled by See also:Charlemagne in 778, but repulsed the emir of Saragossa in 907. In the 14th See also:century it was greatly strengthened and beautified by Charles III., who built a citadel on the site now occupied by the Plaza de Toros and by the See also:Basilica de S. Ignacio, the See also:church marking the spot where See also:Ignatius de See also:Loyola received his See also:wound in defending the See also:place against See also:Andre de See also:Foix in 1521.

From 18o8 it was occupied by the See also:

French until taken by See also:Wellington in 1813. In the Carlist See also:War of 1836–4o it was held by the Cristinos, and in 1875–76 it was more than once attacked, but never taken, by the Carlists.

End of Article: PAMPLONA, or PAMPELUNA

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