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See also:SPARKS, JARED (1789-1866) , See also:American historian and educationalist, was See also:born in Willington, Tolland See also:county, See also:Connecticut, on the loth of May 1789. He studied in the See also:common See also:schools, worked for a See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time at the See also:carpenter's See also:trade, and then became a school-teacher. In 18o9-1811 he attended See also:Phillips See also:Exeter See also:Academy, where he met See also:John G. See also:Palfrey and See also:George See also:Bancroft, two schoolmates, who became his lifelong See also:friends. He graduated at Harvard (A.B., in 1815 and A.M., in 1818); taught in a private school at See also:Lancaster, See also:Massachusetts, in 1815-1817; and studied See also:theology and was See also:college See also:tutor in See also:mathematics and natural See also:philosophy at Harvard in 1817-1819. In 1817-1818 he was acting editor of the See also:North American See also:Review. He was pastor of the First See also:Independent See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
Church (Unitarian) of See also:Baltimore, See also:Maryland, in 1819-1823, Dr See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:Ellery See also:Channing delivering at his ordination his famous discourse on " Unitarian See also:Christianity." During this See also:period Sparks founded the Unitarian See also:Miscellany and See also:Christian See also:Monitor (1821), a monthly, and edited its first three volumes; he was See also:chaplain of the See also:national See also:House of Representati'ees in 1821-1823; and he contributed to the National Intelligencer and other See also:periodicals. In 1823 his See also:health failed and he withdrew from the See also:ministry. Removing to See also:Boston, he bought and edited in 1824-1830 the North American Review, contributing to it about fifty articles. He founded and edited, in 183o the American See also:Almanac and Repository of Useful Know-ledge, which was continued by others and See also:long remained a popular See also:annual. After extensive researches at See also:home and (1828-1829) in See also:London and See also:Paris, he published the See also:Life and Writings of George See also:Washington (12 vols., 1834-1837; redated 1842), his most important See also:work; and in 1839 he published separately the Life of George Washington (abridged, 2 vols., 1842). The work was for the most See also:part favourably received, but Sparks was severely criticized by See also:Lord Mahon (in the See also:sixth See also:volume of his See also:History of See also:England) and others for altering the See also:text of some of Washington's writings. Sparks defended his methods in A Reply to the Strictures of Lord Mahon and Others (1852). The charges were not wholly justifiable, and later Lord Mahon (See also:Stanhope) modified them. While continuing his studies abroad, in 184o-1841,, in the history of the American See also:War of See also:Independence, Sparks discovered in the See also:French archives the red-See also:line See also:map, which, in 1842, came into See also:international prominence in connexion with the dispute over the north-eastern boundary of the See also:United States. In 1842 he delivered twelve lectures on American history before the See also:Lowell See also:Institute in Boston. In 1839-1849 he was McLean See also:professor of See also:ancient and See also:modern history at Harvard. His See also:appointment to this position, says his biographer, was " the first See also:academic encouragement of American history, and of
See also:British See also:squadron of 5 line of battleships, of which 2 were of
8o guns, conveying a number of See also:store See also:ships to See also:Lisbon, was
See also:original See also:historical See also:research in the American See also:- FIELD (a word common to many West German languages, cf. Ger. Feld, Dutch veld, possibly cognate with O.E. f olde, the earth, and ultimately with root of the Gr. irAaror, broad)
- FIELD, CYRUS WEST (1819-1892)
- FIELD, DAVID DUDLEY (18o5-1894)
- FIELD, EUGENE (1850-1895)
- FIELD, FREDERICK (18o1—1885)
- FIELD, HENRY MARTYN (1822-1907)
- FIELD, JOHN (1782—1837)
- FIELD, MARSHALL (183 1906)
- FIELD, NATHAN (1587—1633)
- FIELD, STEPHEN JOHNSON (1816-1899)
- FIELD, WILLIAM VENTRIS FIELD, BARON (1813-1907)
field." In 1849 Sparks succeeded See also:Edward See also:Everett as See also:president of Harvard. He retired in 1853 on See also:account of failing health, and devoted the See also:rest of his life to his private studies. For several years he was a member of the Massachusetts See also:board of See also:education. He died on the 14th of See also:March 1866, in See also:Cambridge, See also:Mass. His valuable collection of See also:manuscripts and papers went to Harvard; and his private library and his maps were bought by Cornell University. He was a See also:pioneer in See also:collecting, on a large See also:scale, documentary material on American history, and in this and in other ways rendered valuable services to historical scholarship in the United States.
Among Sparks's publications not already mentioned, are See also:Memoirs of the Life and Travels of John See also:Ledyard (1828); The See also:Diplomatic See also:Correspondence the American Revolution (12 vols., 1829—183o; redated 1854) ; Life e Gouverneur See also:Morris, with Selections from his Correspondence and See also:Miscellaneous Papers (3 vols., 1832) ; A Collection of the See also:Familiar Letters and Miscellaneous Papers of See also:Benjamin See also:Franklin (1833); The See also:Works of Benjamin Franklin; with Notes and a Life of the Author (lo vols., 1836—184o; redated 185o), a work second in See also:- SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)
scope and importance to his Washington; Correspondence of the American Revolution; being Letters of Eminent Men to George Washington, from the Time of his taking Command of the See also:Army to the End of his See also:Presidency (4 vols., 1853). He also edited the Library of American See also:Biography, in two See also:series' (to and 15 vols. respectively, 1834—1838, 1844—1847), to which he contributed the lives of Ethan See also:- ALLEN, BOG OF
- ALLEN, ETHAN (1739–1789)
- ALLEN, GRANT CHARLES GRANT BLAIRFINDIEI, (1848–1899)
- ALLEN, JAMES LANE (1850– )
- ALLEN, JOHN (1476–1534)
- ALLEN, or ALLEYN, THOMAS (1542-1632)
- ALLEN, WILLIAM (1532-1594)
- ALLEN, WILLIAM FRANCIS (183o-1889)
Allen, See also:Benedict See also:Arnold, See also:Marquette, La Salle, See also:Count See also:Pulaski, John See also:Ribault, See also:Charles See also:- LEE
- LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
- LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
- LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
- LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
- LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
- LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
- LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
- LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
- LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
- LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
- LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
- LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
- LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)
Lee and John Ledyard, the last a reprint of his earlier work. In addition, he aided See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry D. See also:Gilpin in preparing an edition of the Papers of See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James See also:Madison (184o), and brought out an American edition of William See also:Smyth's Lectures on Modern History (2 vols., 1841), which did much to stimulate historical study in the United States.
See See also:Herbert B. See also:- ADAMS
- ADAMS, ANDREW LEITH (1827-1882)
- ADAMS, CHARLES FRANCIS (1807-1886)
- ADAMS, HENRY (1838— )
- ADAMS, HENRY CARTER (1852— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT (i858— )
- ADAMS, HERBERT BAXTER (1850—1901)
- ADAMS, JOHN (1735–1826)
- ADAMS, JOHN QUINCY (1767-1848)
- ADAMS, SAMUEL (1722-1803)
- ADAMS, THOMAS (d. c. 1655)
- ADAMS, WILLIAM (d. 162o)
Adams, The Life and Writings of Jared Sparks (2 vols., Boston, 1893) ; also Brantz See also:Mayer, Memoir of Jared Sparks (1867), prepared for the Maryland Historical Society; and George E. See also:Ellis, Memoir of Jared Sparks (1869), reprinted from the Proceedings of the Massachusetts Historical Society for May 1868.
(W. L.
End of Article: SPARKS, JARED (1789-1866)
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