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PUTNAM, ISRAEL (1718–1790)

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 671 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PUTNAM, See also:ISRAEL (1718–1790) , See also:American soldier, was See also:born in See also:Salem See also:Village (now See also:Danvers), Massachussetts, on the 7th of See also:January 1718. His first American ancestor (of the same See also:family as See also:George See also:Puttenham), came from See also:Aston Abbotts, Bucks, and was one of the first settlers of Salem Village. In 174o he removed to a See also:farm in the See also:present townships of See also:Pomfret and See also:Brooklyn, See also:Connecticut. Here in the See also:winter of 1742–1743 he went down into a See also:wolf den (still shown in Pomfret) and at See also:close quarters killed a huge wolf. Putnam took an active See also:part in the See also:French and See also:Indian See also:War, enlisting as a private in 1755 and rising to the See also:rank of See also:major in See also:March 1758. He was conspicuous for See also:personal courage and for skill in Indian warfare, and was the See also:hero of numerous exploits. In 1764, during See also:Pontiac's See also:conspiracy, he commanded the Connecticut troops (five companies) in the expedition under See also:Colonel See also:John Bradstreet for the See also:relief of See also:Detroit. He was a prominent member of the Sons of See also:Liberty and a See also:leader in the opposition to the See also:Stamp See also:Act; was elected to the See also:general See also:assembly of Connecticut in 1766 and 1767; and increased his See also:political See also:influence by opening a See also:tavern, " The General See also:Wolfe," in Brooklyn, See also:Conn. In See also:August 1774, as chairman of the See also:committee of See also:correspondence for Brooklyn See also:parish, he went with the committee's See also:message and contributions to the See also:Boston Patriots; and in See also:October became See also:lieutenant-colonel of the 1th See also:regiment of Connecticut See also:militia. See also:News of the fighting at See also:Lexington and See also:Concord reached him while he was ploughing on his farm; he instantly See also:left the plough in the furrow and hastened to See also:Cambridge; and he was later made second brigadier of the Connecticut forces. He was with the force, commanded by Colonel See also:William See also:Prescott, which on the See also:night of the 16th of See also:June fortified Breed's See also:Hill, and on the next See also:day he took a conspicuous part in resisting the See also:British attack 1 (see BUNKER HILL). Soon afterward, on his own authority, he occupied Prospect Hill, an important point for the See also:siege of Boston, in which he commanded the centre (two brigades) of the American See also:army at Cambridge.

After the evacuation of Boston he was in command of New See also:

York See also:City till See also:Washington's arrival (See also:April 13, 1776), and then was put in general See also:charge of the city's fortifications. Immediately before the See also:battle of See also:Long See also:Island he succeeded General John See also:Sullivan in command of the troops on Brooklyn Heights, and in the battle of Long Island (of Aug. 27) he was in immediate command of the American See also:side. In the See also:retreat from New York City he commanded one of the three See also:grand divisions, and took part in the battle of Harlem Heights (See also:September 16). His See also:attempt to close the See also:Hudson by sinking vessels in the channel was unsuccessful. In See also:December he was ordered to See also:Philadelphia to superintend the fortification of the city, was stationed at See also:Prince-ton, New See also:Jersey, from January to May 1777, and in May took command of the Hudson See also:Highlands at See also:Peekskill, which with Forts See also:Montgomery and See also:Clinton he abandoned in October, being out-manceuvred by the British, and having been weakened by Washington's repeated demands for reinforcements. In the See also:spring of 1778 he was superseded by General See also:Alexander McDougall, but in April a See also:court of inquiry acquitted him of " any See also:fault, misconduct or See also:negligence " in connexion with the loss of Forts Montgomery and Clinton. After a few months' recruiting service in Connecticut he returned to the See also:main army at See also:White Plains. In the winter of 1778-1779 he commanded the troops quartered near Redding, Conn., where Putnam Memorial See also:Park now is? In May he took command of the right wing on the See also:west side of ;the Hudson. An attack of See also:paralysis in December 1779 terminated his active service in the war. He spent his last yearralonibis farm in Brooklyn, Conn., where he died on the 29th of Ifl j79o.

A See also:

bronze equestrian statue by Karl See also:Gerhardt, over See also:sarcophagus, was erected at Brooklyn, Conn., by the statt;1;888, and there is another statue (1874) in See also:Bushnell Park, See also:Hartford, by J. Q. A. See also:Ward. )P)mam was a brave, intrepid and very industrious soldier rather than a. See also:great general, but his fame in the Indian See also:wars, his personal courage, his See also:bluff heartiness and his See also:good-fellowship made him an idol of the rank and See also:file; and he is one of the popular heroes in American See also:history. He seems to have taken no part in the political manoeuvrings and cabals which busied many of the See also:officers of the American army. See W. F. See also:Livingston, Israel Putnam, See also:Pioneer, See also:Ranger and Major-General (New York, 1901) in the " American Men of See also:Energy " See also:series; I. N. Tarbox, See also:Life of Israel Putnam (Boston, 1876) ; and See also:Essay on the Life of the Honorable Major-General Israel Putnam (Hartford, 1788; enlarged ed., Boston, 1818), by See also:David See also:Humphreys, for a See also:time Putnam's aide-de-See also:camp.

End of Article: PUTNAM, ISRAEL (1718–1790)

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