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WARD, JAMES (1843– )

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Originally appearing in Volume V28, Page 320 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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WARD, See also:JAMES (1843– ) , See also:English psychologist and See also:meta-physician, was See also:born at See also:Hull on the 27th of See also:January 1843. He was educated at the See also:Liverpool See also:Institute, at See also:Berlin and See also:Gottingen, and at Trinity See also:College, See also:Cambridge; he also worked in the physiological laboratory at See also:Leipzig. He studied originally for the Congregational See also:ministry, and for a See also:year was See also:minister of See also:Emmanuel See also:Church, Cambridge. Subsequently he devoted himself to psychological See also:research, became See also:fellow of his college in 1875 and university See also:professor of See also:mental See also:philosophy in 1897. He was See also:Gifford lecturer at See also:Aberdeen in 1895–1897, and at St See also:Andrews in 1908-191o. His See also:work shows the See also:influence of See also:Leibnitz and See also:Lotze, as well as of the biological theory of See also:evolution. His See also:psychology marks the definite break with the See also:sensationalism of the English school; experience is interpreted as a continuum into which distinctions are gradually introduced by the See also:action of selective See also:attention; the implication of the subject in experience is emphasized; and the operation in development of subjective, as well as natural, selection is maintained. In his metaphysical work the See also:analysis of scientific concepts leads to a See also:criticism of See also:naturalism and of See also:dualism, and to a view of reality as a unity which implies both subjective and See also:objective factors. This view is further worked out, through criticism of See also:pluralism and as a theistic See also:interpretation of the See also:world, in his St Andrews Gifford Lectures (the See also:Realm of Ends). Beside the See also:article " Psychology " in the Ency. Brit. (9th, loth and 11th ed.) he has published Naturalism and See also:Agnosticism (1899, 3rd ed.

1907), besides numerous articles in the See also:

Journal of See also:Physiology, Mind, and the See also:British Journal of Psychology.

End of Article: WARD, JAMES (1843– )

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