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HULL (officially KINGSTON-UPON-HULL)

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Originally appearing in Volume V13, Page 871 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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HULL (officially See also:KINGSTON-UPON-HULL) , a See also:city and See also:county of a city, municipal, county and See also:parliamentary See also:borough, and seaport in the See also:East See also:Riding of See also:Yorkshire, See also:England, at the junction of the See also:river Hull with the See also:Humber, 22 M. from the open See also:sea, and r8r m. N. of See also:London. Pop. (189z) 200,472; (1901) 240,259. Its full name, not in See also:general use, is Kingston-upon-Hull. It is served by the See also:North Eastern, See also:Great Central and Hull & See also:Barnsley See also:railways, the See also:principal station being See also:Paragon See also:Street. The See also:town stands on a level See also:plain so See also:low as to render embankments necessary to prevent inundation. The older portion is completely enclosed by the Hull and Humber on the E. and S. and by docks on the N. and W. Here are narrow streets typical of the See also:medieval See also:mercantile town, though See also:modern improvements have destroyed some of them; and there are a few See also:ancient houses. In See also:Holy Trinity See also:church Hull possesses one of the largest See also:English See also:parish churches, having an extreme length of 272 ft. It is cruciform and has a massive central See also:tower. This and the transepts and See also:choir are of Decorated See also:work of various See also:dates.

The choir is largely constructed of See also:

brick, and thus affords an unusually See also:early example of the use of this material in English ecclesiastical See also:architecture. The See also:nave is Perpendicular, a See also:fine example of the See also:style. See also:William See also:Mason the poet (1725–1797) was the son of a See also:rector of the parish. The church of St See also:Mary, Lowgate, was founded in the 14th See also:century, but is almost wholly a reconstruction. Modern churches are numerous, but of no remarkable architectural merit. Among public buildings the town-See also:hall, in Lowgate, ranks first. It was completed in 1866, but was subsequently extended and in great See also:part rebuilt; it is in See also:Italian See also:renaissance style, having a richly adorned See also:facade. The See also:exchange, in the same street, was also completed in 1866, in a less ornate Italian style. There are also theatres, a chamber of See also:commerce, See also:corn exchange, See also:market-hall, See also:custom-See also:house, and the See also:dock offices, a handsome Italian See also:building. The principal intellectual institution is the Royal Institution, a fine classical building opened by See also:Albert, See also:prince See also:consort, in 1854, and containing a museum and large library. It accommodates the See also:Literary and Philosophical Society. The See also:grammar school was founded in 1486.

One of its masters was See also:

Joseph See also:Milner (1744–1797), author of a See also:history of the Church; and among its students were See also:Andrew Marvell the poet (1621–1678) and William Wilber-force the philanthropist (1759-1833), who is commemorated by a See also:column and statue near the dock offices, and by the preservation of the house of his See also:birth in High Street. This house belongs to the See also:corporation and was opened in 1906 as the Wilber-force and See also:Historical Museum. There are also to be mentioned the Hull and East Riding See also:College, Hymer's College, comprising classical, modern and junior departments, the Trinity House marine school (1716), the Humber See also:industrial school See also:ship " See also:Southampton," and technical and See also:art See also:schools. Charities and benevolent See also:foundations are numerous. Trinity House is a charity for See also:seamen of the See also:merchant service; the building (1753) was founded by the Trinity House Gild instituted in 1369, and contains a noteworthy collection of paintings and a museum. The See also:Charterhouse belongs to a See also:foundation for the support of the old and feeble, established by See also:Sir See also:Michael de la See also:Pole, after-wards See also:earl of See also:Suffolk, in 1384. The infirmary was founded in 1782. Of the three parks, See also:Pearson See also:Park was presented by a See also:mayor of that name in 186o, and contains statues of See also:Queen See also:Victoria and the Prince Consort. A botanic See also:garden was opened in 0880. The See also:original See also:harbour occupied that part of the river Hull which faced the old town, but in 1774 an See also:act was passed for forming a dock on the site of the old fortifications on the right See also:bank of the Hull. This afterwards became known as Queen's dock, and with Prince's and Humber docks completes the circle See also:round the old town. The small railway dock opens from Humber dock.

East of the Hull See also:

lie the Victoria dock and extensive See also:timber ponds, and See also:west of the Humber dock See also:basin, parallel to the Humber, is Albert dock. Others are the Alexandra, St Andrew's and See also:fish docks. The See also:total See also:area of the docks is about 186 acres, and the owning companies are the North Eastern and the Hull & Barnsley railways. The ports of Hull and See also:Goole (q.v.) have been administratively combined since 1888, the conservancy of the river being under the Humber Conservancy See also:Board. Hull is one of the principal See also:shipping ports for the manufactures of Yorkshire and See also:Lancashire, and has See also:direct communication with the See also:coal-See also:fields of the West Riding. Large quantities of See also:grain are imported from See also:Russia, See also:America, &c., and of timber from See also:Norway and See also:Sweden. See also:Iron, fish, See also:butter and See also:fruit are among other principal imports. The See also:port was an early seat of the See also:whale See also:fisheries. Of passenger steamship services from Hull the principal are those to the See also:Norwegian ports, which are greatly frequented during the summer; these, with others to the pdits of Sweden, &c., are in the hands of the large shipping See also:firm of See also:Thomas See also:Wilson & Co. A See also:ferry serves New See also:Holland, on the See also:Lincolnshire See also:shore (Great Central railway). The principal See also:industries of Hull are iron-See also:founding, See also:shipbuilding and See also:engineering, and the manufacture of chemicals, oil-cake, See also:colours, See also:cement, See also:paper, See also:starch, See also:soap and See also:cotton goods; and there are tanneries and breweries. The parliamentary borough returns three members, an increase from two members in 1885.

Hull became the seat of a See also:

suffragan See also:bishop in the See also:diocese of See also:York in 1891. This was a revival, as the See also:office was in existence from 1534 till the See also:death of See also:Edward VI. The county borough was created in 1888. The city is governed by a mayor, 16 aldermen and 48 councillors. Area, 8989 acres. The first mention of Hull occurs under the name of Wykeupon-Hull in a See also:charter of 116o by which Maud, daughter of See also:Hugh Camin, granted it to the monks of See also:Meaux, who in 1278 received See also:licence to hold a market here every See also:Thursday and a See also:fair on the See also:vigil, See also:day and morrow of Holy Trinity and twelve following days. Shortly afterwards Edward I., seeing its value as a port, obtained the town from the monks in exchange for other lands in Lincolnshire and changed its name to Kingston-upon-Hull. To induce See also:people to See also:settle here he gave the town a charter in 1299. This granted two weekly markets on Tuesday and See also:Friday and a fair on the See also:eve of St See also:Augustine lasting See also:thirty days; it made the town a See also:free borough and provided that the See also:king would send his justices to deliver the See also:prison when necessary. He sent commissioners in 1303 to inquire how and where the roads to the " new town of Kingston-upon-Hull" could best be made, and in 1321 Edward II. granted the burgesses licence to enclose the town with a ditch and " a See also:wall of See also:stone and See also:lime." In the 14th century the burgesses of Hull disputed the right of the See also:archbishop of York to prisage of See also:wine and other liberties in Hull, which they said belonged to the king. The archbishop claimed under charters of King IEthelstand and See also:Henry III. The dispute, after lasting several years, was at length decided in favour of the king.

In 1381 Edward III., while inspecting former charters, granted that the burgesses might hold the borough with fairs, markets and free customs at a See also:

fee-See also:farm of f70, and that every See also:year they might choose a mayor and four bailiffs. The king in 1440 granted the burgesses Hessle, North Ferriby and other places in See also:order that they might obtain a See also:supply of fresh See also:water. The charter also granted that the above places with the town itself should become the county of the town of Kingston-upon-Hull. Henry VIII. visited the town in 1541, and ordered that a See also:castle and other places of See also:defence should be built, and Edward VI. in 1552 granted the See also:manor to the burgesses. The town was incorporated by Queen See also:Elizabeth in 1S76and. a new charter was granted by See also:James II. in 1688. During the See also:civil See also:wars Hull, although the See also:majority of the inhabitants were royalists, was garrisoned by the parliamentarians, and See also:Charles I. was refused See also:admission by the See also:governor Sir See also:John See also:Hotham. In 1643 it stood a See also:siege of six See also:weeks, but the new governor Ferdinando See also:Fairfax, 2nd See also:Baron Fairfax, obliged the Royalist See also:army to See also:retreat by opening the sluices and placing the surrounding See also:country under water. Hull was represented in the See also:parliament of 1295 and has sent members ever since, See also:save that in 1384 the burgesses were exempted from returning any member on See also:account of the expenses which they were incurring through fortifying their town. Besides the fairs granted to the burgesses by Edward I., two others were granted by Charles II. in 1664 to Henry Hildiard who owned See also:property in the town. See T. Gent, Annales Regioduni Hullini (York, 1735, re-printed 1869); G. See also:Hadley, History of the Town and County of Kingston-upon-Hull (Hull, 1788); C.

See also:

Frost, Notices relative to the Early History of the Town and Port of Hull (London, 1827) ; J. J. Sheaham, General and Concise History of Kingston-upon-Hull (London and See also:Beverley, 1864).

End of Article: HULL (officially KINGSTON-UPON-HULL)

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