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MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)

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Originally appearing in Volume V17, Page 839 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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MASON, See also:GEORGE (1725—1792) , See also:American statesman, was See also:born in See also:Stafford See also:county (the See also:part which is now See also:Fairfax county), See also:Virginia, in 1725. His See also:family was of Royalist descent and emigrated to See also:America after the See also:execution of See also:Charles I. His colonial ancestors held See also:official positions in the See also:civil and military service of Virginia. Mason was a near See also:neighbour and a See also:life-See also:long friend of George See also:Washington, though in later years they disagreed in politics. His large estates and high social See also:standing, together with his See also:personal ability, gave Mason See also:great See also:influence among the Virginia planters, and he became identified with many enterprises, such as the organization of the See also:Ohio See also:Company and the See also:founding of See also:Alexandria (1749). He was a member of the Virginia See also:House of Burgesses in 1759—1760. In 1769 he See also:drew up for Washington a See also:series of non-importation resolutions, which were adopted by the Virginia legislature. In See also:July 1774 he wrote for a See also:convention in Fairfax county a series of resolutions known as the Fairfax Resolves, in which he advocated a See also:congress of the colonies and suggested non-intercourse with Great See also:Britain, a policy subsequently adopted by Virginia and later by the See also:Continental Congress. He was a member of the Virginia See also:Committee of Safety from See also:August to See also:December 1775, and of the Virginia Convention in 1775 and 1776; and in 1776 he drew up the Virginia Constitution and the famous See also:Bill of Rights, a radically democratic document which had great influence on American See also:political institutions. In 178o he outlined the See also:plan which was subsequently adopted by Virginia for ceding to the Federal See also:government her claim to the " back lands," i.e. to territory See also:north and north-See also:west of the Ohio See also:river. From 1776 to 1788 he represented Fairfax county in the Virginia See also:Assembly. He was a member of the Virginia House of Delegates in 1776—1780 and again in 1787—1788, and in 1787. was a member of the convention that framed the Federal Constitution, and as one of its ablest debaters took an active part in the See also:work.

Particularly notable was his opposition to the compromises in regard to See also:

slavery and the slave-See also:trade. Indeed, like most of the prominent Virginians of the See also:time, Mason was strongly in favour of the See also:gradual abolition of slavery. He objected to the large and indefinite See also:powers given by the completed Constitution to Congress, so he joined with See also:Patrick See also:Henry in opposing its ratification in the Virginia Convention (1788). Failing in this he suggested amendments, the substance of several of which was afterwards embodied in the See also:present Bill of Rights. Declining an See also:appointment as a See also:United States Senator from Virginia, he retired to his See also:home, Gunston See also:Hall (built by him about 1758 and named after the family home in See also:Staffordshire, See also:England). where he died on the 7th of See also:October 1792. With See also:James See also:Madison and See also:Thomas See also:Jefferson, Mason carried through the Virginia legislature See also:measures disestablishing the Episcopal See also:Church and protecting all forms of See also:worship. In politics he was a See also:radical republican, who believed that See also:local government should be kept strong and central government weak; his democratic theories had much influence in Virginia and other See also:southern and western states. See Kate Mason See also:Rowland, Life and Writings of George Mason (2 vols., New See also:York, 1892).

End of Article: MASON, GEORGE (1725—1792)

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