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PUTTENHAM, GEORGE (d. 1590)

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 672 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PUTTENHAM, See also:GEORGE (d. 1590) , the reputed author of The Arte of See also:English Poesie (1589). The See also:book was entered at Stationer? See also:Hall in 1588, and published in the following See also:year with a dedicatory See also:letter to See also:Lord See also:Burghley written by the printer See also:Richard See also:Field, who professed See also:ignorance of the writer's name and position. There is no contemporary See also:evidence for the authorship, and the name of Puttenham is first definitely associated with it in the Hypercritica of See also:Edmund See also:Bolton, published in 1722, but written in the beginning of the 17th See also:century, perhaps as See also:early from the impression made by the falling missile to the point as 16o5. The writer of the See also:Ark of English Poesie supplies certain See also:biographical details. He was educated at See also:Oxford, and at the See also:age of eighteen he addressed an See also:eclogue entitled Elpine to See also:Edward VI. In his youth he had visited See also:Spain, See also:France and See also:Italy, and was better acquainted with See also:foreign courts than with his own. In 1579 he presented to See also:Queen See also:Elizabeth his Partheniades (printed in a collection of See also:MSS. See also:Ballads by F. J. See also:Furnivall), and he wrote the See also:treatise in question especially for the delectation of the queen and her ladies.

He mentions nine other See also:

works of his, none of which are extant. There is no See also:direct evidence beyond Bolton's ascription to identify the author with George or Richard Puttenham, the sons of See also:Robert Puttenham and his wife See also:Margaret, the See also:sister of See also:Sir See also:Thomas See also:Elyot, who dedicated his treatise on the See also:Education or Bringing up of See also:Children to her for the benefit of her sons. Both made unhappy marriages, were constantly engaged in litigation, and were frequently in disgrace. Richard was in See also:prison when the book was licensed to be printed, and when he made his will in 1597 he was in the Queen's See also:Bench Prison. He was buried, according to See also:John See also:Payne See also:Collier, at St See also:Clement Danes, See also:London, on the and of See also:July 1601. George Puttenham is said to have been implicated in a See also:plot against Lord Burghley in 1570, and in See also:December 1578 was imprisoned. In 1585 he received reparation from the privy See also:council for alleged wrongs suffered at the hands of his relations. His will is dated the 1st of See also:September 1590. Richard Puttenham is known to have spent much of his See also:time abroad, whereas there is no evidence that George ever See also:left See also:England. This agrees better with the writer's See also:account of himself; but if the statement that he addressed Elpine to Edward VI. when he was eighteen years of age be taken to imply that the See also:production of this See also:work See also:fell within that See also:king's reign, the date of the author's See also:birth cannot be placed anterior to 1529. At the date (1546) of his See also:inheritance of his grandfather, Sir Thomas Elyot's estates, Richard Puttenham was proved in an See also:inquisition held at See also:Newmarket to have been twenty-six years old. Whoever the author may have been, there is no doubt about the importance of the work, which is the most systematic and comprehensive, treatise of the time on its subject.

It is " contrived into three bookes: the first of poets and poesies, the second of proportion, the third of See also:

ornament." The first See also:section contains a See also:general See also:history of the See also:art of See also:poetry, and a discussion of the various forms of poetry; the second treats of See also:prosody, dealing in turn with the See also:measures in use in English See also:verse, the See also:caesura, See also:punctuation, See also:rhyme, See also:accent, See also:cadence, " proportion in figure," which the author illustrates by geometrical diagrams, and the proposed innovations of English quantitative verse; the section on ornament deals with See also:style, the distinctions between written and spoken See also:language, the figures of speech; and the author closes with lengthy observations on See also:good See also:manners. It is interesting to See also:note that in his remarks on language he deprecates the use of archaisms, and although he allows that the purer Saxon speech is spoken beyond the See also:Trent, he advises the English writer to take as his See also:model the usual speech of the See also:court, of London and the See also:home counties. Many later " poetics " are indebted to this book. The See also:original edition is very rare. See also:Professor Edward See also:Arber's reprint (1869) contains a clear See also:summary of the various documents with regard to the authorship of this treatise. The history of the Puttenhams is discussed in H. H. S. See also:Croft's edition of Elyot's Boke called the Governour. A careful investigation brought him to the conclusion that the evidence was in favour of Richard. There are other See also:modern See also:editions of the book, notably one in J. Haslewood's See also:Ancient See also:Critical Essays (1811-1815).

End of Article: PUTTENHAM, GEORGE (d. 1590)

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