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See also:BOLTON (BOLTON-LE-See also:MOORS) , a municipal, See also:county and See also:parliamentary See also:- BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
borough of See also:Lancashire, See also:England, 196 m. N.W. by N. from See also:London and 11 m. N.W. from See also:Manchester. Pop. (1891) 146,487; (1901) 168,215. See also:Area, 15,299 acres. It has stations on the London & See also:North-Western and the Lancashire & See also:Yorkshire See also:railways, with See also:running See also:powers for the Midland railway. It is divided by the Croal, a small tributary of the Irwell, into See also:Great and Little Bolton, and as the full name implies, is surrounded by high moorland. Although of See also:early origin, its See also:appearance, like that of other great manufacturing towns of the vicinity, is wholly See also:modern. It owes not a little to the attractions of its site. The only remnants of antiquity are two houses of the 16th See also:century in Little Bolton, of which one is a specially See also:good example of Tudor See also:work. The site of the See also:- CHURCH
- CHURCH (according to most authorities derived from the Gr. Kvpcaxov [&wµa], " the Lord's [house]," and common to many Teutonic, Slavonic and other languages under various forms—Scottish kirk, Ger. Kirche, Swed. kirka, Dan. kirke, Russ. tserkov, Buig. cerk
- CHURCH, FREDERICK EDWIN (1826-1900)
- CHURCH, GEORGE EARL (1835–1910)
- CHURCH, RICHARD WILLIAM (1815–189o)
- CHURCH, SIR RICHARD (1784–1873)
church of St See also:- PETER
- PETER (Lat. Petrus from Gr. irfpos, a rock, Ital. Pietro, Piero, Pier, Fr. Pierre, Span. Pedro, Ger. Peter, Russ. Petr)
- PETER (PEDRO)
- PETER, EPISTLES OF
- PETER, ST
Peter has See also:long been occupied by a See also:parish church (there was one in the 12th century, if not earlier), but the existing See also:building See also:dates only from 1870.
There may also be mentioned a large number of other places of See also:worship, a See also:town See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall with See also:fine classical See also:facade and See also:tower, See also:market hall, museums of natural See also:history and of See also:art and See also:industry, an See also:exchange, Ngembly rooms, and various benevolent institutions. Several See also:free See also:libraries are maintained. See also:Lever's See also:grammar school,
founded in 1641, had See also:Robert See also:Ainsworth, the Latin lexicographer, and See also:John See also:Lempriere, author of the classical See also:dictionary, among its masters. There are municipal technical See also:schools. A large public See also:park, opened in 1866, was laid out as a See also:relief work for unemployed operatives during the See also:cotton See also:famine of the earlier See also:part of the See also:decade. On the moors to the north-See also:west, and including See also:Rivington See also:Pike (1192 ft.), is another public park, and there are various smaller See also:pleasure grounds. A large number of cotton See also:mills furnish the See also:chief source of industry; See also:printing, See also:dyeing and See also:bleaching of cotton and See also:calico, See also:spinning and See also:weaving See also:machine making, See also:iron and See also:steel See also:works, and collieries in the neighbourhood, are also important. The speciality, however, is fine spinning, a See also:process assisted by the See also:damp See also:climate. The parliamentary borough, created in 1832 and returning two members, falls within the See also:Westhoughton See also:division of the county. Before 1838, when Bolton was incorporated, the town was governed by a borough-See also:reeve and two constables appointed at the See also:annual See also:court-legit. The county borough was created in 1888. The See also:corporation consists of a See also:mayor, 24 aldermen and 72 councillors.
The earliest See also:form of the name is Bodleton or Botheltun, and the most important of the later forms are Bodeltown, Botheltunle-Moors, Bowelton, Boltune, Bolton-super-Moras, Bolton-in-ye-Moors, Bolton-le-Moors. The See also:manor was granted by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William I. to See also:Roger de Poictou, and passed through the families of See also:Ferrers and Pilkington to the Harringtons of See also:Hornby See also:Castle, who lost it with their other estates for their adherence to See also:Richard III. In 1485 See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry VII. granted it to the first See also:earl of See also:Derby. The manor is now held by different lords, but the earls of Derby still have a See also:fourth part. The manor of Little Bolton seems to have been, at least from Henry III.'s reign, distinct from that of Great Bolton, and was held till the 17th century by the Botheltons or Boltons.
From early days Bolton was famous for its woollen manufactures. In Richard I.'s reign an aulneger, whose See also:duty it was to measure and See also:stamp all bundles of woollen goods, was appointed, and it is clear, therefore, that the See also:place was already a centre of the woollen See also:cloth See also:trade. In 1337 the industry received an impulse from the See also:settlement of a party of Flemish clothiers, and extended so greatly that when it was found necessary in 1566 to appoint by See also:act of See also:parliament deputies to assist the aulnegers, Bolton is named as one of the places where these deputies were to be employed. See also:Leland in his Itinerary (1558) recorded the fact that Bolton made cottons, which were in reality woollen goods. Real cotton goods were not made in Lancashire till 1641, when Bolton is named as the chief seat of the manufacture of fustians, vermilions and dimities. After the revocation of the See also:edict of See also:Nantes the settlement of some See also:French refugees further stimulated this industry. It was here that velvets were first made about 1756, by See also:Jeremiah See also:- CLARKE, ADAM (1762?—1832)
- CLARKE, CHARLES COWDEN (1787-1877)
- CLARKE, EDWARD DANIEL (1769–1822)
- CLARKE, JAMES FREEMAN (1810–1888)
- CLARKE, JOHN SLEEPER (1833–1899)
- CLARKE, MARCUS ANDREW HISLOP (1846–1881)
- CLARKE, MARY ANNE (c.1776–1852)
- CLARKE, SAMUEL (1675–1729)
- CLARKE, SIR ANDREW (1824-1902)
- CLARKE, SIR EDWARD GEORGE (1841– )
- CLARKE, THOMAS SHIELDS (1866- )
- CLARKE, WILLIAM BRANWHITE (1798-1878)
Clarke, and muslins and cotton quiltings in 1763.
The cotton trade received an astonishing impetus from the inventions of See also:Sir Richard See also:Arkwright (1770); and See also:Samuel See also:Crompton (1780), both of whom were See also:born in the parish. Soon after the introduction of machinery, spinning factories were erected, and the first built in Bolton is said to have been set up in 1780. The number rapidly increased, and in 1851 there were 66 cotton mills with 86o,000 throstle spindles at work. The cognate industry of bleaching has been carried on since early in the 18th century, and large ironworks See also:grew up in the latter See also:half of the loth century. In 1791 a See also:canal was constructed from Manchester to Bolton, and by an act of parliament (1792) Bolton See also:Moor was enclosed.
During the See also:Civil See also:War Bolton sided with the parliament, and in See also:February 1643 and See also:March 1644 the royalist forces assaulted the town, but were on both occasions repulsed. On the 28th of May 1644, however, it was attacked by See also:Prince See also:Rupert and See also:Lord Derby, and stormed with great slaughter. On the 15th of See also:October 1651 Lord Derby, who had been taken prisoner after the See also:battle of See also:Worcester, was brought here and executed the same See also:day.
Up to the beginning of the 19th century the market day was See also:Monday, but the customary Saturday market gradually superseded this old chartered market. In 1251 William de Ferrersobtained from the See also:crown a See also:charter for a weekly market and a yearly See also:fair, but gradually this annual fair was replaced by four others chiefly for horses and See also:cattle. The New See also:Year and Whitsuntide Show fairs only arose during the 19th century.
End of Article: BOLTON (BOLTON-LE-MOORS)
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