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PUTNAM, RUFUS (1738-1824)

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Originally appearing in Volume V22, Page 671 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PUTNAM, See also:RUFUS (1738-1824) , See also:American soldier and See also:pioneer, was See also:born in See also:Sutton, See also:Massachusetts, on the 9th of See also:April 1738 (O.S.). His grandfather was a See also:half See also:brother to See also:Israel Putnam's See also:father. He served in the See also:French and See also:Indian See also:War in 1757-60; was a millwright in New See also:Braintree in 1761-1768, during which See also:time he studied See also:surveying; and from 1769 until the War of See also:Independence was a See also:farmer and surveyor. In 1773, with Israel 1 So loose was the See also:army's organization that it is impossible to See also:settle the question whether Putnam or See also:Prescott was in command at Bunker See also:Hill. Apparently their authority did not clash and was practically See also:independent. See See also:Justin See also:Winsor in his Narrative and See also:Critical See also:History, vi. 19o-191 (reprinted in See also:Livingston's Israel Putnam, as2 On the 26th of See also:February 1779, with a small outpost, he was surprised near See also:Greenwich by a See also:superior force under See also:General See also:William See also:Tryon. He ordered a See also:retreat, started to See also:Stamford for reinforcements and, being closely pursued by several dragoons, is said to have ridden down a steep hill ((marked in 190o with a See also:granite See also:monument), and thus escaped. From Stamford he hastened back with reinforcements and took See also:thirty-eight prisoners from Tryon. Putnam and two others, he visited See also:West See also:Florida to examine lands which, it was expected, were to be granted to the provincial troops for their services against the French and See also:Indians, and which he charted (see See also:Mississippi). He became See also:lieutenant-See also:colonel in one of the first regiments raised after the See also:battle of See also:Lexington, and served before See also:Boston; in See also:March 1776 he was made See also:chief engineer of the See also:works at New See also:York; in See also:August he was appointed engineer with the See also:rank of colonel; and when See also:Congress did not See also:act on his See also:plan (submitted in Oct. 1776) for the See also:establishment of a distinct engineer See also:corps he resigned (Dec.

1776), and in 1777 served in the See also:

northern army under See also:Major-General Horatio See also:Gates, commanding two regiments in the second battle of See also:Saratoga. In 1778 he laid out fortifications, including Fort Putnam, at West Point, and in 1779 he served under Major-General See also:Anthony See also:Wayne after the See also:capture of Stony Point. For the See also:remainder of the war he saw little active service. In See also:January 1783 he was commissioned brigadier-general. After the war he returned to See also:Rutland, See also:Mass., where he had bought a confiscated See also:farm in 1780. In March 1786 he founded, with other See also:officers of the War of Independence, the See also:Ohio See also:Company of Associates for the See also:purchase and See also:settlement of Western lands. In See also:November 1787, after Congress had made its See also:grant to the Ohio Company, he was appointed by the company See also:superintendent of its proposed settlement on the Ohio, and in 1788 he led the small party which founded See also:Marietta, Ohio. He was a See also:judge of the See also:court of the See also:North-West Territory in 1790-1796; was a brigadier-general in the army and a See also:commissioner to treat with the Indians in 1792-1793; was surveyor-general of the See also:United States in 1796-1803; and in 1802 was a member of the Ohio See also:state constitutional See also:convention. He died, in Marietta, on the 4th of May 1824. He has been called " The Father of Ohio," and he contributed greatly toward the material See also:building up of the North-West Territory. See See also:John W. See also:Campbell, See also:Biographical Sketches (See also:Columbus, Ohio, 1838); See also:Sidney See also:Crawford, " Rufus Putnam, and his Pioneer See also:Life in the North-West," vol. xii., new See also:series, pp.

431-454, Proceedings of the American Antiquarian Society (See also:

Worcester, 1899), and Rowena See also:Buell (ed.), The See also:Memoirs of Rufus Putnam (Boston, 1903), in which his autobiography, his See also:journal and other papers, now in the library of Marietta See also:College, are reprinted. His Journal, 1757-1760, dealing with his experiences in the French and Indian War, was edited with notes by E. C. See also:Dawes (See also:Albany, New York, 1886).

End of Article: PUTNAM, RUFUS (1738-1824)

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