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INDEPENDENCE) involved the operations of two armies moving from opposite and distant points. The lack of co-operation between the two led to the loss of one of them. This was See also:

General See also:

Burgoyne's force of 7000 men which marched from See also:

CANADA

Canada in See also:

JUNE

June 1777 with the view of reaching the upper See also:

Hudson and combining with British troops from New See also:

York to isolate New See also:

England from the colonies below. See also:

Lord See also:

Howe, See also:

COMMANDER

commander-in-See also:

CHIEF (from Fr. chef, head, Lat. caput)

chief of the British in America, who had received no instructions binding him in detail to co-operate with Burgoyne, moved southward and captured See also:

PHILADELPHIA

Philadelphia. In See also:

DRAWING

drawing See also:

Washington after him he claimed to be assisting Burgoyne. Burgoyne pushed down by way of Lakes See also:

Champlain and See also:

George and approached the American See also:

army under General Horatio See also:

GATES, HORATIO (1728-1806)

Gates in its fortified See also:

CAMP (from Lat. campus, field)

camp near Stillwater on the W. See also:

BANK

bank of the Hudson,' about 24 M. N. of See also:

Albany. On the 19th Burgoyne attacked the American See also:

LEFT

left under General See also:

Benedict See also:

Arnold. The See also:

BATTLE

battle, fought in densely wooded See also:

COUNTRY (from the Mid. Eng. contre or contrie, and O. Fr. cuntree; Late Lat. contrata, showing the derivation from contra, opposite, over against, thus the tract of land which fronts the sight, cf. Ger. Gegend, neighbourhood)

country till nightfall, was severe but indecisive. The British suffered heavy losses, especially in See also:

OFFICERS

officers. This is variously known as the First Battle of Saratoga, the Battle of See also:

Freeman's See also:

FARM

Farm, the First Battle of See also:

BEMIS, EDWARD WEBSTER (186o—,, )

Bemis Heights or the First Battle of Stillwater.

Burgoyne fortified himself on the site of the See also:

ACTION

action, and on See also:

OCTOBER

October 7th made another See also:

ATTEMPT (Lat. adtemptare, attentare, to try)

attempt to turn the American left. An engagement still more severe than that of the 19th, known as the Second Battle of Saratoga, followed, in which the Americans under Benedict Arnold, E. Poor and D. See also:

Morgan drove the enemy into their See also:

WORKS

works. Among many British officers killed was Brigadier-General See also:

Simon See also:

Fraser, who had been the See also:

LIFE

life of the expedition. Crippled to an alarming extent, Burgoyne re-treated. He was closely followed and harassed, and on the 16th of October nearly surrounded. On the 17th he surrendered, with about 6000 men, near the See also:

PRESENT

present See also:

VILLAGE

village of Saratoga Springs. See W. L. See also:

Stone, Campaign of Lieut.-Gen. See also:

John Burgoyne (Albany, 1877).

End of Article: SARATOGA, BATTLES OF

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