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SARATOGA SPRINGS

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Originally appearing in Volume V24, Page 206 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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SARATOGA SPRINGS , a See also:village of Saratoga See also:county, New See also:York, U.S.A., about 38 m. N. of See also:Albany, and about 12 M. W. of the See also:Hudson See also:river. Pop. (1900) 12,409, of whom 1684 were See also:foreign-See also:born and 619 were negroes; (1910) 12,693. Saratoga Springs is served by the See also:Delaware & Hudson and the See also:Boston & See also:Maine See also:railways and by several interurban electric lines. The village is in a region of See also:great historic See also:interest, is famous for its medicinal See also:mineral springs, and has See also:long been one of the most popular watering places in See also:America. Its hotels accommodate more than 20,000 guests. Of the hotels, the best known are the See also:United States, See also:Congress See also:Hall, the See also:Grand See also:Union and the See also:American-Adelphi. The springs, of which there are more than See also:forty, were known in colonial times. The See also:waters, all having the same ingredients but in varying See also:pro-portions, are heavily charged with carbonic See also:acid See also:gas, and contain considerable quantities of bicarbonates of See also:lime and See also:magnesium, and chloride of See also:sodium. They rise in a stratum of See also:Potsdam See also:sandstone, underlaid by Laurentian See also:gneiss, &c., and reach the See also:surface after passing through a See also:bed of See also:blue See also:clay.

The most noteworthy springs are Congress, See also:

Vichy, Arondack, Hathorn, Patterson, High See also:Rock, See also:Putnam, See also:Star, Red, See also:Lincoln, See also:Victoria, See also:Carlsbad and See also:Geyser. Some of the springs originally See also:rose above the surface by their own force, but with the See also:boring of new springs and the pumping for carbonic acid gas See also:south of the village the pressure was greatly lessened; the courts interfered to stop the pumping and it was prohibited by the See also:state legislature. These See also:measures, however, were not effective, and in May 1909 an See also:act was passed establishing a state See also:reservation at Saratoga, creating a See also:commission of three to select the lands to be taken over by the state, and providing for an issue of bonds for $600,eoo to buy the springs. Saratoga See also:Lake, a beautiful See also:body of See also:water 6 m. long and 1 m. wide, 3; m. south-See also:east of the village, is a favourite resort. The streets are well-shaded and broad, with See also:side stretches of See also:lawn between the sidewalk and the curb. There is a speedway and a famous See also:race-track, where there are See also:annual See also:running races. In the village are Woodlawn See also:Park (1200 acres), a See also:town-hall, a state armoury, a public library, several theatres and a number of private hospitals and sanatoriums. The See also:Convention Hall has been the See also:meeting See also:place of many conventions; near it is a re-See also:production of the See also:House of Pansa at See also:Pompeii, built by See also:Franklin W. See also:Smith. The See also:principal business is the bottling and See also:shipping of the mineral waters which are sold in large quantities and exported to many foreign countries. Among the manufactures are patent medicines, druggists' preparations and chemicals, See also:silk gloves, textiles, foundry products and boilers and engines. In 1905 the value of the factory product was $1,709,073, an increase of 28.1% since 1900.

The Saratoga See also:

country was a favourite summer camping ground of the See also:Iroquois, particularly the Mohawks, who were attracted thither by the medicinal value of the springs long before See also:European visited the region. The See also:Indian name, " Sa-ragh-to-ga " or " Se-rach-to-gue," is said to have meant " hillside country of the great water " or " place of the See also:swift water." The See also:district became during the colonial See also:wars a See also:theatre of hostilities between the See also:French and See also:English colonists and their Indian See also:allies. In 1693 a French expedition was checked in a See also:sharp conflict near Mt M°Gregor by an English and colonial force under See also:Governor See also:Benjamin See also:Fletcher and See also:Peter See also:Schuyler. See also:Early in the 18th See also:century the region along the upper Hudson began to be settled, the See also:settlement on the Hudson at the mouth of the Fishkill, directly east of the See also:present Saratoga Springs, being known first as Saratoga (later " Old Saratoga ") and finally as Schuylerville (pop. in 1905, 1529), in See also:honour of the Schuyler See also:family. Upon the settlement the French and See also:Indians descended in 1745, and massacred many of the inhabitants. After the See also:close of the Seven Years' See also:War, there was a new influx of settlers. Near Stillwater (pop. in 1905, 973), about 5 M. south-east of the present village, the battles of Saratoga (q.v.) were fought during the War of See also:Independence. On the site of the present village a small See also:log lodging house for the reception of visitors was built in 1771. After the close of the War of Independence, the fame of the Springs as a See also:health resort spread abroad, and many sought them annually. In 1791 See also:Gideon Putnam (1764-1812), a See also:nephew of See also:Major-See also:General See also:Israel Putnam, bought a large See also:tract of See also:land here; he built the first See also:inn (on the site of the present Grand Union Hotel). Other hotels were erected within the next few years ; between 182o and 1830, by which See also:time the Springs had become one of the most popular of American resorts, several large See also:barn-like wooden hotels were constructed; and Saratoga Springs was incorporated as a village in 1826. See G.

G. See also:

Scott and J. S. L'Amoreaux, See also:History of Saratoga County (New York, 1876), N. B. See also:Sylvester, History of Saratoga County (See also:Philadelphia, 1878), and G. B. See also:Anderson, Saratoga County (New York, 1899).

End of Article: SARATOGA SPRINGS

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