|
See also:SYLVESTER, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
JAMES See also:JOSEPH (1814–1897), See also:English mathe-
m4tician, was See also:born in See also:London on the 3rd of See also:September 1814. He went to school first at See also:Highgate and then at See also:Liverpool, and in 1831 entered St See also:John's See also:College, See also:Cambridge. In his Tripos examination, which through illness he was prevented from taking till 1839, he was placed as second wrangler, but being a See also:Jew and unwilling to sign the See also:Thirty-nine Articles, he could not compete for one of the See also:- SMITH
- SMITH, ADAM (1723–1790)
- SMITH, ALEXANDER (183o-1867)
- SMITH, ANDREW JACKSON (1815-1897)
- SMITH, CHARLES EMORY (1842–1908)
- SMITH, CHARLES FERGUSON (1807–1862)
- SMITH, CHARLOTTE (1749-1806)
- SMITH, COLVIN (1795—1875)
- SMITH, EDMUND KIRBY (1824-1893)
- SMITH, G
- SMITH, GEORGE (1789-1846)
- SMITH, GEORGE (184o-1876)
- SMITH, GEORGE ADAM (1856- )
- SMITH, GERRIT (1797–1874)
- SMITH, GOLDWIN (1823-191o)
- SMITH, HENRY BOYNTON (1815-1877)
- SMITH, HENRY JOHN STEPHEN (1826-1883)
- SMITH, HENRY PRESERVED (1847– )
- SMITH, JAMES (1775–1839)
- SMITH, JOHN (1579-1631)
- SMITH, JOHN RAPHAEL (1752–1812)
- SMITH, JOSEPH, JR
- SMITH, MORGAN LEWIS (1822–1874)
- SMITH, RICHARD BAIRD (1818-1861)
- SMITH, ROBERT (1689-1768)
- SMITH, SIR HENRY GEORGE WAKELYN
- SMITH, SIR THOMAS (1513-1577)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM (1813-1893)
- SMITH, SIR WILLIAM SIDNEY (1764-1840)
- SMITH, SYDNEY (1771-1845)
- SMITH, THOMAS SOUTHWOOD (1788-1861)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (1769-1839)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (c. 1730-1819)
- SMITH, WILLIAM (fl. 1596)
- SMITH, WILLIAM FARRAR (1824—1903)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1808—1872)
- SMITH, WILLIAM HENRY (1825—1891)
- SMITH, WILLIAM ROBERTSON (1846-'894)
Smith's prizes and was ineligible for a fellowship, nor could he even take a degree: this last, however, he obtained at Trinity College, See also:Dublin, where religious restrictions were no longer in force. After leaving Cambridge he was appointed to the See also:chair of natural See also:philosophy at University College, London, where his friend A. De See also:Morgan was one of his colleagues, but he resigned in 184o in See also:- ORDER
- ORDER (through Fr. ordre, for earlier ordene, from Lat. ordo, ordinis, rank, service, arrangement; the ultimate source is generally taken to be the root seen in Lat. oriri, rise, arise, begin; cf. " origin ")
- ORDER, HOLY
order to become See also:professor of See also:mathematics in the university of See also:Virginia. There, however, he remained only six months, for certain views on See also:slavery, strongly held and injudiciously expressed, entailed unpleasant consequences, and necessitated his return to See also:England, where he obtained in 1844 the See also:post of See also:actuary to the Legal and Equitable See also:Life Assurance See also:Company. In the course of the ensuing ten years he published a large amount of See also:original See also:work, much of it dealing with the theory of invariants, which marked him as one of the foremost mathematicians of the See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time. But he failed to obtain either of two posts—the professorships of mathematics at the Royal Military See also:Academy and of See also:geometry in See also:Gresham College—for which he applied in 1854, though he was elected to the former in the following See also:year on the See also:death of his successful competitor. At See also:Woolwich he remained until 187o, and although he was not a See also:great success as an elementary teacher, that See also:period of his life was very See also:rich in mathematical work, which included remarkable advances in the theory of the See also:partition of See also:numbers and further contributions to that of invariants, together with an important See also:research which yielded a See also:- PROOF (in M. Eng. preove, proeve, preve, &°c., from O. Fr . prueve, proeve, &c., mod. preuve, Late. Lat. proba, probate, to prove, to test the goodness of anything, probus, good)
proof, hitherto lacking, of See also:Newton's See also:rule for the See also:discovery of imaginary roots for algebraical equations up to and including the fifth degree. In 1874 he produced several papers suggested by A. Peaucellier's discovery of the straight See also:line See also:link See also:motion associated with his name, and he also invented the skew pentagraph. Three years later he was appointed professor of mathematics in the Johns See also:Hopkins University, See also:Baltimore, stipulating for an See also:annual See also:salary of $5000, to be paid in See also:gold. At Baltimore he gave an enormous impetus to the study of the higher mathematics in See also:America, and during the time he was there he contributed to the See also:American See also:Journal of Mathematics, of which he was the first editor, no less than thirty papers, some of great length, dealing mainly with See also:modern See also:algebra, the theory of numbers, theory of partitions and universal algebra. In 1883 he was chosen to succeed See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry Smith in the Savilian chair of geometry at See also:- OXFORD
- OXFORD, EARLS OF
- OXFORD, EDWARD DE VERE, 17TH EARL
- OXFORD, JOHN DE VERE, 13TH EARL OF (1443-1513)
- OXFORD, PROVISIONS OF
- OXFORD, ROBERT DE VERE, 9TH EARL OF (1362-1392)
- OXFORD, ROBERT HARLEY, 1ST
Oxford, and there he produced his theory of reciprocants, largely by the aid of his " method of infinitesimal variation." In 1893 loss of See also:health and failing eyesight obliged him to give up the active duties of his chair, and a See also:deputy professor being appointed, he went to live in London, where he died on the 15th of See also:March 1899. Sylvester's work suffered from a certain lack of steadiness and method in his See also:character. For See also:long periods he was mathematically unproductive, but then sudden See also:inspiration would come upon him and his ideas and theories poured forth far more quickly than he could See also:record them. All the same his output of work was as large as it was valuable. The See also:- SCOPE (through Ital. scopo, aim, purpose, intent, from Gr. o'KOaos, mark to shoot at, aim, o ic07reiv, to see, whence the termination in telescope, microscope, &c.)
scope of his researches was described by See also:Arthur See also:Cayley, his friend and See also:fellow worker, in the following words: " They relate chiefly to finite See also:analysis, and See also:cover by their subjects a large See also:part of it—algebra, determinants, elimination, the theory of equations, partitions, tactic, the theory of forms, matrices, reciprocants, the Hamiltonian numbers, &c.; See also:analytical and pure geometry occupy a less prominent position; and See also:mechanics, See also:optics and See also:astronomy are not absent." Sylvester was a See also:good linguist, and a diligent composer of See also:verse, both in English and Latin, but the See also:opinion he
cherished that his poems were on a level with his mathematical achievements has not met with See also:general See also:acceptance.
The first See also:volume of his Collected Mathematical Papers, edited by H. F. See also:Baker, appeared in 1904.
End of Article: SYLVESTER, JAMES
Additional information and Comments
There are no comments yet for this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML.
Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide.
Do not copy, download, transfer, or otherwise replicate the site content in whole or in part.
Links to articles and home page are always encouraged.
|
del.icio.us it!