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COLUMBUS , a See also: city, a See also:port of entry, the See also:capital of See also:Ohio, U.S.A., and the See also:county-seat of See also:Franklin county, at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy See also:rivers, near the See also:geographical centre of the See also:state, 120 M. N.E. of See also:Cincinnati, and 138 M. S.S.W. of See also:Cleveland. Pop. (1890) 88,150; (1900) 125,560, of whom 12,328 were See also:foreign-See also:born and 8201 were negroes; (1910) 181,511. Columbus is an important railway centre and is served by the Cleveland, Cincinnati, See also:Chicago & St. See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis, the See also:Pittsburg, Cincinnati, Chicago & St Louis (See also:Pennsylvania See also:system), the See also:Baltimore & Ohio, the Ohio Central, the See also:Norfolk & Western, the Hocking Valley, and the Cleveland, See also:Akron & Columbus (Pennsylvania system) See also:railways, and by nine interurban electric lines. It occupies a See also:land See also:area of about 17 sq. m., the See also:principal portion being along the See also:east See also:side of the Scioto in the midst of an extensive See also:plain. High See also:Street, the principal business thoroughfare, is 100 ft. wide, and Broad Street, on which are many of the finest residences, is 120 ft. wide, has four rows of trees, a roadway for heavy vehicles in the See also:middle, and a driveway for carriages on either side.
The principal See also:building is the state capitol (completed in 1857) in a square of ten acres at the intersection of High and Broad streets. It is built in the See also:simple Doric See also:style, of See also:grey See also:limestone taken from a See also:quarry owned by the state, near the city; is 304 ft. See also:long and 184 ft. wide, and has a rotunda 158 ft: high, on the walls of which are the See also:original See also:painting, by See also:- WILLIAM
- WILLIAM (1143-1214)
- WILLIAM (1227-1256)
- WILLIAM (1J33-1584)
- WILLIAM (A.S. Wilhelm, O. Norse Vilhidlmr; O. H. Ger. Willahelm, Willahalm, M. H. Ger. Willehelm, Willehalm, Mod.Ger. Wilhelm; Du. Willem; O. Fr. Villalme, Mod. Fr. Guillaume; from " will," Goth. vilja, and " helm," Goth. hilms, Old Norse hidlmr, meaning
- WILLIAM (c. 1130-C. 1190)
- WILLIAM, 13TH
William See also:- HENRY
- HENRY (1129-1195)
- HENRY (c. 1108-1139)
- HENRY (c. 1174–1216)
- HENRY (Fr. Henri; Span. Enrique; Ger. Heinrich; Mid. H. Ger. Heinrich and Heimrich; O.H.G. Haimi- or Heimirih, i.e. " prince, or chief of the house," from O.H.G. heim, the Eng. home, and rih, Goth. reiks; compare Lat. rex " king "—" rich," therefore " mig
- HENRY, EDWARD LAMSON (1841– )
- HENRY, JAMES (1798-1876)
- HENRY, JOSEPH (1797-1878)
- HENRY, MATTHEW (1662-1714)
- HENRY, PATRICK (1736–1799)
- HENRY, PRINCE OF BATTENBERG (1858-1896)
- HENRY, ROBERT (1718-1790)
- HENRY, VICTOR (1850– )
- HENRY, WILLIAM (1795-1836)
Henry See also:Powell (1823-1879), of O. H. See also: Perry's victory on See also:Lake See also:Erie, and portraits of most of the See also:governors of Ohio. Other prominent structures are the U.S. See also:government and the judiciary buildings, the latter connected with the capitol by a See also:- STONE
- STONE (0. Eng. shin; the word is common to Teutonic languages, cf. Ger. Stein, Du. steen, Dan. and Swed. sten; the root is also seen in Gr. aria, pebble)
- STONE, CHARLES POMEROY (1824-1887)
- STONE, EDWARD JAMES (1831-1897)
- STONE, FRANK (1800-1859)
- STONE, GEORGE (1708—1764)
- STONE, LUCY [BLACKWELL] (1818-1893)
- STONE, MARCUS (184o— )
- STONE, NICHOLAS (1586-1647)
stone See also:terrace, the city See also:- HALL
- HALL (generally known as SCHWABISCH-HALL, tc distinguish it from the small town of Hall in Tirol and Bad-Hall, a health resort in Upper Austria)
- HALL (O.E. heall, a common Teutonic word, cf. Ger. Halle)
- HALL, BASIL (1788-1844)
- HALL, CARL CHRISTIAN (1812–1888)
- HALL, CHARLES FRANCIS (1821-1871)
- HALL, CHRISTOPHER NEWMAN (1816—19oz)
- HALL, EDWARD (c. 1498-1547)
- HALL, FITZEDWARD (1825-1901)
- HALL, ISAAC HOLLISTER (1837-1896)
- HALL, JAMES (1793–1868)
- HALL, JAMES (1811–1898)
- HALL, JOSEPH (1574-1656)
- HALL, MARSHALL (1790-1857)
- HALL, ROBERT (1764-1831)
- HALL, SAMUEL CARTER (5800-5889)
- HALL, SIR JAMES (1761-1832)
- HALL, WILLIAM EDWARD (1835-1894)
hall, the county See also:court See also:house, the See also:union station, the See also:board of See also:trade, the soldiers' memorial hall (with a seating capacity of about 4500), and several See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office buildings. The city is a favourite See also:- MEETING (from " to meet," to come together, assemble, 0. Eng. metals ; cf. Du. moeten, Swed. mota, Goth. gamotjan, &c., derivatives of the Teut. word for a meeting, seen in O. Eng. Wit, moot, an assembly of the people; cf. witanagemot)
meeting-See also:place for conventions. Among the state institutions in Columbus are the university (see below), the See also:penitentiary, a state See also:hospital for the insane, the state school for the See also:blind, and the state institutions for the See also:education of the See also:deaf and dumb and for feeble-minded youth. In the capitol grounds are monuments to the memory of Ulysses S. See also:- GRANT (from A.-Fr. graunter, O. Fr. greanter for creanter, popular Lat. creantare, for credentare, to entrust, Lat. credere, to believe, trust)
- GRANT, ANNE (1755-1838)
- GRANT, CHARLES (1746-1823)
- GRANT, GEORGE MONRO (1835–1902)
- GRANT, JAMES (1822–1887)
- GRANT, JAMES AUGUSTUS (1827–1892)
- GRANT, ROBERT (1814-1892)
- GRANT, SIR ALEXANDER
- GRANT, SIR FRANCIS (1803-1878)
- GRANT, SIR JAMES HOPE (1808–1895)
- GRANT, SIR PATRICK (1804-1895)
- GRANT, U
- GRANT, ULYSSES SIMPSON (1822-1885)
Grant, See also:Rutherford B. See also:Hayes, See also:- JAMES
- JAMES (Gr. 'IlrKw,l3or, the Heb. Ya`akob or Jacob)
- JAMES (JAMES FRANCIS EDWARD STUART) (1688-1766)
- JAMES, 2ND EARL OF DOUGLAS AND MAR(c. 1358–1388)
- JAMES, DAVID (1839-1893)
- JAMES, EPISTLE OF
- JAMES, GEORGE PAYNE RAINSFOP
- JAMES, HENRY (1843— )
- JAMES, JOHN ANGELL (1785-1859)
- JAMES, THOMAS (c. 1573–1629)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (1842–1910)
- JAMES, WILLIAM (d. 1827)
James A. See also:Garfield, William T. See also:Sherman, See also:- PHILIP
- PHILIP (Gr.'FiXtrsro , fond of horses, from dn)^eiv, to love, and limos, horse; Lat. Philip pus, whence e.g. M. H. Ger. Philippes, Dutch Filips, and, with dropping of the final s, It. Filippo, Fr. Philippe, Ger. Philipp, Sp. Felipe)
- PHILIP, JOHN (1775-1851)
- PHILIP, KING (c. 1639-1676)
- PHILIP, LANOGRAVE OF HESSE (1504-1567)
Philip H. See also:Sheridan, See also:Salmon P. See also:Chase, and See also:Edwin M. See also:Stanton, and a beautiful memorial See also:arch (with See also:sculpture by H. A. M`Neil) to William See also: McKinley.
The city has several parks, including the Franklin of 90 acres, the Goodale of 44 acres, and the See also:Schiller of 24 acres, besides the Olentangy, a well-equipped amusement resort on the See also:banks of the See also:river from which it is named, the See also:Indianola, another amusement resort, and the See also:United States military See also:post and recruiting station, which occupies 8o acres laid out like a See also:park. The state See also:fair grounds of 115 acres adjoin the city, and there is also a beautiful See also:cemetery of 220 acres.
The Ohio State University (non-sectarian and co-educational), opened as the Ohio Agricultural and See also:Mechanical See also:College in 1873, and reorganized under its See also:present name in 1878, is 3 M. See also:north of the capitol. It includes colleges of arts, See also:philosophy and See also:science, of education (for teachers), of See also:engineering, of See also:law, of See also:pharmacy, of See also:agriculture and domestic science, and of veterinary See also:medicine. It occupies a campus of 1so acres, has an adjoining See also:farm of 325 acres, and 18 buildings devoted to instruction, 2 dormitories, and a library containing (1906) 67,709 volumes, besides excellent museums of See also:geology, See also:zoology, See also:botany and See also:archaeology and See also:history, the last being owned jointly by the university and by
the state archaeological and See also:historical society. In 1908 the See also:faculty numbered 175, and the students 2277. The institution owed its origin to federal land grants; it is maintained by the state, the United States, and by small fees paid by the students; tuition is See also:free in all colleges except the college of law. The government of the university is vested in a board of trustees appointed by the See also:governor of the state for a See also:term of seven years. The first See also:president of the institution (from 1873 to 1881) was the distinguished geologist, See also:Edward See also:Orton (1829–1899), who was See also:professor of geology from 1893 to 1899.
Other institutions of learning are the Capital University and Evangelical Lutheran Theological See also:Seminary (Theological Semi-nary opened in 183o; college opened as an See also:academy in 185o), with buildings just east of the city limits; See also:Starling Ohio Medical College, a law school, a dental school and an See also:art See also:institute. Besides the university library, there is the Ohio state library occupying a See also: room in the capitol and containing in 1908 126,000 volumes, including a " travelling library " of about 36,000 volumes, from which various organizations in different parts of the state may See also:borrow books; the law library of the supreme court of Ohio, containing See also:complete sets of See also:English, Scottish, Irish, See also:Canadian, United States and state reports, statutes and digests; the public school library of about 68,000 volumes, and the public library (of about 55,000), which is housed in a See also:marble and See also:granite building completed in 1906.
Columbus is near the Ohio See also:coal and See also:iron-See also:fields, and has an extensive trade in coal, but its largest See also:industrial interests are in manufactures, among which the more important are foundry and See also:machine-See also:shop products (1905 value, $6,259,579); boots and shoes (1905 value, $5,425,087, being more than one-sixtieth of the See also:total product value of the See also:boot and See also:shoe See also:industry in the United States, and being an increase from $359,000 in 1890); patent medicines and compounds (1905 value, $3,214,096); carriages and wagons (1905 value, $2,197,960); See also:malt liquors (1905 value, $2,133,955); iron and See also:steel; See also:regalia and society emblems; See also:steam-railway cars, construction and repairing; and oleo-See also:margarine. In 1905 the city's factory products were valued at $40,435,531, an increase of 16.4% in five years. Immediately outside the city limits in 1905 were various large and important manufactories, including railway shops, foundries, slaughter-houses, See also:ice factories and See also:brick-yards. In Columbus there is a large See also:market for imported horses. Several large quarries also are adjacent to the city.
The waterworks are owned by the See also:municipality. In 1904–1905 the city built on the Scioto river a See also:concrete storage See also:dam, having a capacity of 5,000,000,000 gallons, and in 1908 it completed the construction of enormous See also:works for filtering and softening the See also:water-See also:supply, and of works for purifying the flow of sewage—the two costing nearly $5,000,000. The filtering works include 6 See also:lime saturators, 2 mixing or softening tanks, 6 settling basins, 10 mechanical filters and 2 clear-water reservoirs. A large municipal electric-See also:lighting plant was completed in 1908.
The first permanent See also:settlement within the present limits of the city was established in 1797 on the See also:west See also:bank of the Scioto, was named Franklinton, and in 1803 was made the county-seat. In 1810 four citizens of Franklinton formed an association to secure the location of the capital on the higher ground of the east bank; in 1812 they were successful and the place was laid out while still a See also:forest. Four years later, when the legislature held its first session here, the settlement was incorporated as the See also: - BOROUGH (A.S. nominative burh, dative byrig, which produces some of the place-names ending in bury, a sheltered or fortified place, the camp of refuge of a tribe, the stronghold of a chieftain; cf. Ger. Burg, Fr. bor, bore, bourg)
- BOROUGH [BURROUGH, BURROWE, BORROWS], STEVEN (1525–1584)
Borough of Columbus. In 1824 the county-seat was removed here from Franklinton; in 1831 the Columbus See also:branch of the Ohio See also:Canal was completed; in 1834 the borough was made a city; by the See also:close of the same See also:decade the See also:National Road extending from See also:Wheeling to See also:Indianapolis and passing through Columbus was completed; in 1871 most of Franklinton, which was never incorporated, was annexed, and several other annexations followed.
See J. H. See also:Studer, Columbus, Ohio; its History and Resources (Columbus, 1873) ; A. E. See also:- LEE
- LEE (or LEGIT) ROWLAND (d. 1543)
- LEE, ANN (1736–1784)
- LEE, ARTHUR (1740–1792)
- LEE, FITZHUGH (1835–1905)
- LEE, GEORGE ALEXANDER (1802-1851)
- LEE, HENRY (1756-1818)
- LEE, JAMES PRINCE (1804-1869)
- LEE, NATHANIEL (c. 1653-16g2)
- LEE, RICHARD HENRY (1732-1794)
- LEE, ROBERT EDWARD (1807–1870)
- LEE, SIDNEY (1859– )
- LEE, SOPHIA (1950-1824)
- LEE, STEPHEN DILL (1833-1908)
Lee, History of the City of Columbus, Ohio (New See also:York, 1892).
End of Article: COLUMBUS
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