Online Encyclopedia
Search over 40,000 articles from the original, classic Encyclopedia Britannica, 11th Edition.
COLUMBUS
Online EncyclopediaEncyclopedia Home :: CLI-COM
del.icio.us it!
|
COLUMBUS , a See also:city, a See also:port of entry, the See also:capital of See also:Ohio, U.S.A., and the See also:county-seat of See also:Franklin county, at the confluence of the Scioto and Olentangy See also:rivers, near the See also:geographical centre of the See also:state, 120 M. N.E. of See also:Cincinnati, and 138 M. S.S.W. of See also:Cleveland. Pop. (1890) 88,150; (1900) 125,560, of whom 12,328 were See also:foreign-See also:born and 8201 were negroes; (1910) 181,511. Columbus is an important railway centre and is served by the Cleveland, Cincinnati, See also:Chicago & St. See also: See also:Perry's victory on See also:Lake See also:Erie, and portraits of most of the See also:governors of Ohio. Other prominent structures are the U.S. See also:government and the judiciary buildings, the latter connected with the capitol by a See also: A. M`Neil) to William See also:McKinley. The city has several parks, including the Franklin of 90 acres, the Goodale of 44 acres, and the See also:Schiller of 24 acres, besides the Olentangy, a well-equipped amusement resort on the See also:banks of the See also:river from which it is named, the See also:Indianola, another amusement resort, and the See also:United States military See also:post and recruiting station, which occupies 8o acres laid out like a See also:park. The state See also:fair grounds of 115 acres adjoin the city, and there is also a beautiful See also:cemetery of 220 acres. The Ohio State University (non-sectarian and co-educational), opened as the Ohio Agricultural and See also:Mechanical See also:College in 1873, and reorganized under its See also:present name in 1878, is 3 M. See also:north of the capitol. It includes colleges of arts, See also:philosophy and See also:science, of education (for teachers), of See also:engineering, of See also:law, of See also:pharmacy, of See also:agriculture and domestic science, and of veterinary See also:medicine. It occupies a campus of 1so acres, has an adjoining See also:farm of 325 acres, and 18 buildings devoted to instruction, 2 dormitories, and a library containing (1906) 67,709 volumes, besides excellent museums of See also:geology, See also:zoology, See also:botany and See also:archaeology and See also:history, the last being owned jointly by the university and by the state archaeological and See also:historical society. In 1908 the See also:faculty numbered 175, and the students 2277. The institution owed its origin to federal land grants; it is maintained by the state, the United States, and by small fees paid by the students; tuition is See also:free in all colleges except the college of law. The government of the university is vested in a board of trustees appointed by the See also:governor of the state for a See also:term of seven years. The first See also:president of the institution (from 1873 to 1881) was the distinguished geologist, See also:Edward See also:Orton (1829–1899), who was See also:professor of geology from 1893 to 1899. Other institutions of learning are the Capital University and Evangelical Lutheran Theological See also:Seminary (Theological Semi-nary opened in 183o; college opened as an See also:academy in 185o), with buildings just east of the city limits; See also:Starling Ohio Medical College, a law school, a dental school and an See also:art See also:institute. Besides the university library, there is the Ohio state library occupying a See also:room in the capitol and containing in 1908 126,000 volumes, including a " travelling library " of about 36,000 volumes, from which various organizations in different parts of the state may See also:borrow books; the law library of the supreme court of Ohio, containing See also:complete sets of See also:English, Scottish, Irish, See also:Canadian, United States and state reports, statutes and digests; the public school library of about 68,000 volumes, and the public library (of about 55,000), which is housed in a See also:marble and See also:granite building completed in 1906. Columbus is near the Ohio See also:coal and See also:iron-See also:fields, and has an extensive trade in coal, but its largest See also:industrial interests are in manufactures, among which the more important are foundry and See also:machine-See also:shop products (1905 value, $6,259,579); boots and shoes (1905 value, $5,425,087, being more than one-sixtieth of the See also:total product value of the See also:boot and See also:shoe See also:industry in the United States, and being an increase from $359,000 in 1890); patent medicines and compounds (1905 value, $3,214,096); carriages and wagons (1905 value, $2,197,960); See also:malt liquors (1905 value, $2,133,955); iron and See also:steel; See also:regalia and society emblems; See also:steam-railway cars, construction and repairing; and oleo-See also:margarine. In 1905 the city's factory products were valued at $40,435,531, an increase of 16.4% in five years. Immediately outside the city limits in 1905 were various large and important manufactories, including railway shops, foundries, slaughter-houses, See also:ice factories and See also:brick-yards. In Columbus there is a large See also:market for imported horses. Several large quarries also are adjacent to the city. The waterworks are owned by the See also:municipality. In 1904–1905 the city built on the Scioto river a See also:concrete storage See also:dam, having a capacity of 5,000,000,000 gallons, and in 1908 it completed the construction of enormous See also:works for filtering and softening the See also:water-See also:supply, and of works for purifying the flow of sewage—the two costing nearly $5,000,000. The filtering works include 6 See also:lime saturators, 2 mixing or softening tanks, 6 settling basins, 10 mechanical filters and 2 clear-water reservoirs. A large municipal electric-See also:lighting plant was completed in 1908. The first permanent See also:settlement within the present limits of the city was established in 1797 on the See also:west See also:bank of the Scioto, was named Franklinton, and in 1803 was made the county-seat. In 1810 four citizens of Franklinton formed an association to secure the location of the capital on the higher ground of the east bank; in 1812 they were successful and the place was laid out while still a See also:forest. Four years later, when the legislature held its first session here, the settlement was incorporated as the See also:Borough of Columbus. In 1824 the county-seat was removed here from Franklinton; in 1831 the Columbus See also:branch of the Ohio See also:Canal was completed; in 1834 the borough was made a city; by the See also:close of the same See also:decade the See also:National Road extending from See also:Wheeling to See also:Indianapolis and passing through Columbus was completed; in 1871 most of Franklinton, which was never incorporated, was annexed, and several other annexations followed.
See J. H. See also:Studer, Columbus, Ohio; its History and Resources (Columbus, 1873) ; A. E. See also: Additional information and CommentsThere are no comments yet for this article.
» Add information or comments to this article.
Please link directly to this article:
Highlight the code below, right click, and select "copy." Then paste it into your website, email, or other HTML. Site content, images, and layout Copyright © 2006 - Net Industries, worldwide. |
|
|
[back] COLUMBIUM, or NIOBIUM (symbol Cb or Nb, atomic weig... |
[next] COLUMBUS, CHRISTOPHER [in Spanish CRISTOBAL COLON] ... |