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PENITENTIARY (med. Lat. poenitentiari...

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Originally appearing in Volume V21, Page 99 of the 1911 Encyclopedia Britannica.
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PENITENTIARY (med. See also:Lat. poenitentiarius, from poenitentia, See also:penance, poena, See also:punishment, a See also:term used both as See also:adjective and substantive, referring either to the means of repentance or that of punishment. In its ecclesiastical use the word is used as the equi valent both of the Latin poenitentiarius, " penitentiary See also:priest," and poenitentiaria, the dignity or See also:office of a poenitentiarius. By an See also:extension of the latter sense the name is applied to the See also:department of the See also:Roman See also:Curia known as the apostolic penitentiary (sacra poenitentiaria apostolica), presided over by the See also:cardinal See also:grand penitentiary (See also:major poenitentiarius, Ital. penitenziere See also:maggiore) and having See also:jurisdiction more particularly in all questions in foro interno reserved for the See also:Holy See (see CURIA See also:ROMANA). In See also:general, the poenitentiarius, or penitentiary priest, is in each See also:diocese what the grand .penitentiary is at See also:Rome, i.e. he is appointed to See also:deal with all cases of See also:conscience reserved for the See also:bishop. In the Eastern See also:Church there are very See also:early notices of such appointments; so far as the See also:West is concerned, See also:Hinschius (Kirchenrecht, i. 428, See also:note 2) quotes from the See also:chronicle of Bernold, the See also:monk of St Blase (c. 1054-1100), as the earliest See also:record of such See also:appointment, that made by the papal See also:legate See also:Odo of See also:Ostia in 1054. In 1215 the See also:fourth Lateran See also:Council, by its loth See also:canon, ordered suitable men to be ordained in all See also:cathedral and conventual churches, to See also:act as coadjutors and assistants to the bishops in See also:hearing confessions . and imposing penances. The See also:rule was not immediately nor universally obeyed, the bishops being slow to delegate their See also:special See also:powers. Finally, however, the council of See also:Trent (Sess. See also:xxiv. cap. viii. de reform.) ordered that, " wherever it could conveniently be done," the bishop should appoint in his cathedral a poenitentiarius, who should be a See also:doctor or licentiate in See also:theology or canon See also:law and at least See also:forty years of See also:age. See P.

Hinschius, Kirehenrecht, i. 427, &c. (See also:

Berlin, 1869) ; Du Cange, Glossarium s.v. " Poenitentiarius "; See also:Herzog-Hauck, Realencyklopddie (ed. 1904), s.v.

End of Article: PENITENTIARY (med. Lat. poenitentiarius, from poenitentia, penance, poena, punishment, a term used both as adjective and substantive, referring either to the means of repentance or that of punishment. In its ecclesiastical use the word is used as the equi

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