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branch latissimus dorsi and rhomboids are supplied by branches of the of the first cervical nerve. brachial plexus of nerves, while the deeper muscles get their nerves MUSCLES OF THE See also:

TRUNK (Fr. tronc, Lat. truncus, cut off, maimed)

TRUNK.—The trapezius has already been de- scribed as a superficial muscle of the upper part of the back; in the See also:

LOIN (through O. Fr. loigne or logne, mod. lunge, from Lat. Iambus)

loin region the latissimus dorsi (fig. 5) is the superficial muscle, its origin being from the See also:

LOWER

lower thoracic .spines, lower ribs and lumbar See also:

FASCIA (Latin for a bandage or fillet)

fascia, and it is inserted into the upper part of the See also:

ARM (a common Teutonic word; the Indo-European root is ar, to join or fit; cf. the Lat. armus, shoulder, and the plural word arma, weapons, Gr. apphs, joint, and the reduplicated apapilKSV, to join)

arm See also:

bone or humerus. When the trapezius is cut, the rhomboid muscles (major and minor) passing from the upper thoracic spines to the vertebral border of the scapula are seen, and deep to these is the serratus posticus See also:

SUPERIOR

superior passing from nearly the same spines to the upper ribs. On reflecting the latissimus dorsi the serratus posticus inferior is seen See also:

RUNNING

running from the lower thoracic spines to the lower ribs.

When these muscles are removed the See also:

GREAT

great See also:

mass of the erector spinae is exposed, See also:

FAMILIAR (through the Fr. familier, from Lat. familiaris, of or belonging to the familia, family)

familiar to every one as the upper cut of the sirloin or ribs of See also:

BEEF (through O. Fr. boef, mod. boeuf, from Lat. bos, bovis, ox, Gr. f3oiir, which show the ultimate connexion with the Sanskrit go, gaits, ox, and thus with " cow")

beef ; it runs all the way up the dorsal See also:

side of the vertebral See also:

COLUMN (Lat. columna)

column from the See also:

PELVIS (Lat. for " basin," cf. Gr. 7rEX?a )

pelvis to the occiput, the complexus already mentioned being its See also:

EXTENSION (Lat. ex, out ; tendere, to stretch)

extension to the head. It i3 longitudinally segmented into many different bundles to which See also:

SPECIAL

special names are given, and it is attached to the various vertebrae and ribs as it goes up, thus straightening the spinal column. Deep to the erector spinae are found shorter bundles passing from one vertebra to another and the coracoid process. The serratus ma gnus is a large muscle rising by serrations from the upper eight ribs, and running back to the vertebral border of the scapula, which it draws forward as in the fencer's See also:

LUNGE, GEORG (1839- )

lunge. Between the ribs are the See also:

EXTERNAL

external and See also:

INTERNAL

internal inter-costal muscles; the former beginning at the tubercle and ending at the junctions of the ribs with their cartilages, while the latter only begin at the See also:

ANGLE (from the Lat. angulus, a corner, a diminutive, of which the primitive form, angus, does not occur in Latin; cognate are the Lat. angere, to compress into a bend or to strangle, and the Gr. ayKOS, a bend; both connected with the Aryan root ank-, to

angle of the ribs but are prolonged on to the sternum, so that an interchondral as well as an intercostal part of each muscle is recognized. The See also:

fibres of the external intercostals run downward and forward, those of the internal downward and backward (see RESPIRATION). The abdominal walls are formed of three sheets of muscle, of which the most superficial or external oblique (fig. 6) is attached to the See also:

OUTER

outer surfaces of the lower ribs; its fibres run downward and forward to the pelvis and See also:

mid-See also:

LINE

line of the See also:

ABDOMEN (a Latin word, either from abdere, to hide, or from a form adipomen, from adeps, fat)

abdomen, the See also:

MIDDLE

middle one or internal oblique is on the same See also:

PLANE

plane as the ribs, and its fibres run downward and backward, while the transversaiis is attached to the deep surfaces of the ribs, and its fibres run See also:

HORIZON (Gr. 6pfTwv, dividing)

horizon-See also:

TALLY

tally forward. Below, all these muscles are attached to the See also:

crest of the ilium and to Poupart's See also:

LIGAMENT (Lat. ligamentum, from ligare, to bind)

ligament, which is really the lower See also:

FREE

free edge of the external oblique, while, behind, the two deeper ones, at all events, blend with the fascia lumborum. As they approach the mid-ventral line they become aponeurotic and See also:

FORM (Lat. forma)

form the sheath of the rectus. The rectus abdominis (fig. 6) is a See also:

FLAT (a modification of O. Eng. flet, an obsolete word of Teutonic origin, meaning the ground beneath the feet)

flat muscular See also:

hand which runs up on each side of the linea See also:

ALBA

alba or mid-ventral line of the abdomen from the pubis to the ribs and sternum.

This muscle has certain tendinous intersections or lineae transversae, the positions rotating muscles pass from the scapula to the upper end of the humerus; these are the subscapuloris passing in front of the See also:

SHOULDER (in O.E. sculder, cognate with Ger. Schulter, Dutch schouder, Swed. skuldra, &c; the root is unknown)

shoulder See also:

JOINT (through Fr. from Lat. junctum, jungere, to join)

joint, the supraspinatus above the joint, and the infraspinatus and teres minor behind. The teres major (fig. 5) comes from near the lower angle of the scapula, and is inserted with the latissimus dorsi into the front of the. surgical See also:

NECK (O. Eng. hnecca; the word appears in many Teutonic languages; cf. Dutch ride, Ger. Nacken; in O. E. the common word was heals; cf. Ger. Hals)

neck of the humerus. The coracobrachialis (fig. 7) passes from the coracoid process to the middle of the humerus in front of the shoulder joint, while the brachialis anticus passes in front of the See also:

ELBOW

elbow from the humerus to the coronoid process of the ulna.

End of Article: MUSCULAR

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