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See also:LANDEN, See also:JOHN (1719–1790) , See also:English mathematician, was See also:born at Peakirk near See also:Peterborough in See also:Northamptonshire on the 23rd of See also:January 1719, and died on the 15th of January 1790 at See also:Milton in the same See also:county. He lived a very retired See also:life, and saw little or nothing of society; when he did mingle in it, his dogmatism and pugnacity caused him to be generally shunned. In 1762 he was appointed See also:agent to the See also:Earl See also:Fitzwilliam, and held that See also:- OFFICE (from Lat. officium, " duty," " service," a shortened form of opifacium, from facere, " to do," and either the stem of opes, " wealth," " aid," or opus, " work ")
office to within two years of his See also:death. He was first known as a mathematician by his essays in the Ladies' See also:Diary for 1744. In 1766 he was elected a See also:fellow of the Royal Society. He was well acquainted with the See also:works of the mathematicians of his own See also:- TIME (0. Eng. Lima, cf. Icel. timi, Swed. timme, hour, Dan. time; from the root also seen in " tide," properly the time of between the flow and ebb of the sea, cf. O. Eng. getidan, to happen, " even-tide," &c.; it is not directly related to Lat. tempus)
- TIME, MEASUREMENT OF
- TIME, STANDARD
time, and has been called the " English d'See also:Alembert." In his Discourse on the " Residual See also:Analysis," he proposes to avoid the metaphysical difficulties of the method of fluxions by a purely algebraical method. The See also:idea may be compared with that of See also:Joseph See also:- LOUIS
- LOUIS (804–876)
- LOUIS (893–911)
- LOUIS, JOSEPH DOMINIQUE, BARON (1755-1837)
- LOUIS, or LEWIS (from the Frankish Chlodowich, Chlodwig, Latinized as Chlodowius, Lodhuwicus, Lodhuvicus, whence-in the Strassburg oath of 842-0. Fr. Lodhuwigs, then Chlovis, Loys and later Louis, whence Span. Luiz and—through the Angevin kings—Hungarian
Louis See also:Lagrange's Calcul See also:des Fonctions. His memoir (1775) on the rotatory See also:motion of a See also:body contains (as the author was aware) conclusions at variance with those arrived at by See also:Jean le Rond, d'Alembert and Leonhard See also:Euler in their researches on the same subject. He reproduces and further develops and defends his own views in his Mathematical See also:Memoirs, and in his See also:paper in the Philosophical Transactions for 1785. But Landen's See also:capital See also:discovery is that of the theorem known by his name (obtained in its See also:complete See also:form in the memoir of 1775, and reproduced in the first See also:volume of the Mathematical Memoirs) for the expression of the arc of an See also:hyperbola in terms of two elliptic arcs. His researches on elliptic functions are of considerable elegance, but their See also:great merit lies in the stimulating effect which they had on later mathematicians. He also showed that the roots of a cubic See also:equation can be derived by means of the infinitesimal calculus.
The See also:list of his writings is as follows:—Ladies' Diary, various communications (1744–1760); papers in the Phil. Trans. (1754, 1760, 1768, 1771, 1775, 1777, 1785); Mathematical Lucubrations (1755); A Discourse concerning the Residual Analysis (1758); The Residual Analysis, See also:book i. (1764); Animadversions on Dr See also:- STEWART, ALEXANDER TURNEY (1803-1876)
- STEWART, BALFOUR (1828-1887)
- STEWART, CHARLES (1778–1869)
- STEWART, DUGALD (1753-1828)
- STEWART, J
- STEWART, JOHN (1749—1822)
- STEWART, JULIUS L
- STEWART, SIR DONALD MARTIN (1824–19o0)
- STEWART, SIR HERBERT (1843—1885)
- STEWART, SIR WILLIAM (c. 1540—c. 1605)
- STEWART, STUART
- STEWART, WILLIAM (c. 1480-c. 1550)
Stewart's Method of computing the See also:Sun's Distance from the See also:Earth (1771) ; Mathematical
Memoirs (1780, 1789).
End of Article: LANDEN, JOHN (1719–1790)
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